diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/mob_ai_probe.rs b/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/mob_ai_probe.rs
index 5b6c26d2f..4688a5f45 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/mob_ai_probe.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/mob_ai_probe.rs
@@ -1061,6 +1061,7 @@ pub fn main() -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
                 uuid: PLAYER_UUID,
                 allies: Default::default(),
                 remote: false,
+                passenger: false,
             }
         });
         let mut scratch = LegacyRandom::new(0);
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/scene_motion_probe.rs b/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/scene_motion_probe.rs
index 6153e098b..0a7e4b594 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/scene_motion_probe.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/examples/probe/scene_motion_probe.rs
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<()> {
                             horizon_world::food::Difficulty::Hard,
                         ][op["difficulty"].as_u64().unwrap() as usize],
                         natural_regeneration: op["regenerate"].as_bool().unwrap(),
+                        ..Default::default()
                     };
                 }
                 "food" => {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/cauldron.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/cauldron.rs
index 03fb0676d..25a709e26 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/cauldron.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/cauldron.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ pub struct Interaction {
     /// The cauldron's new state.
     pub block: Option<BlockState>,
     pub sound: Option<&'static str>,
+    /// The custom statistic the player earns (`use_cauldron`, ...).
+    pub stat: Option<&'static str>,
 }
 
 fn state(name: &str, level: Option<u8>) -> BlockState {
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ fn pass() -> Interaction {
         outcome: Outcome::Pass,
         block: None,
         sound: None,
+        stat: None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,11 +120,12 @@ fn lowered(cauldron: &BlockState) -> BlockState {
     }
 }
 
-fn changed(block: BlockState, sound: Option<&'static str>) -> Interaction {
+fn changed(block: BlockState, sound: Option<&'static str>, stat: &'static str) -> Interaction {
     Interaction {
         outcome: Outcome::Success,
         block: Some(block),
         sound,
+        stat: Some(stat),
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,18 +183,22 @@ pub fn interact(
             stack.data_mut().dyed_color = None;
             stack.tidy();
         }
-        return changed(lowered(cauldron), None);
+        return changed(lowered(cauldron), None, "clean_armor");
     }
     let fill_bucket = |player: &mut dyn Player, new: &str, can_fill: bool, sound| {
         if !can_fill {
             return pass();
         }
         filled(player, ItemStack::new(new, 1), true);
-        changed(state("minecraft:cauldron", None), Some(sound))
+        changed(
+            state("minecraft:cauldron", None),
+            Some(sound),
+            "use_cauldron",
+        )
     };
     let empty_bucket = |player: &mut dyn Player, block: BlockState, sound| {
         filled(player, ItemStack::new("minecraft:bucket", 1), true);
-        changed(block, Some(sound))
+        changed(block, Some(sound), "fill_cauldron")
     };
     match item {
         "minecraft:lava_bucket" => {
@@ -199,6 +207,7 @@ pub fn interact(
                     outcome: Outcome::Consume,
                     block: None,
                     sound: None,
+                    stat: None,
                 }
             } else {
                 empty_bucket(
@@ -221,6 +230,7 @@ pub fn interact(
                     outcome: Outcome::Consume,
                     block: None,
                     sound: None,
+                    stat: None,
                 }
             } else {
                 empty_bucket(
@@ -241,6 +251,7 @@ pub fn interact(
             changed(
                 state("minecraft:water_cauldron", Some(1)),
                 Some("minecraft:item.bottle.empty"),
+                "use_cauldron",
             )
         }
         ("water", "minecraft:bucket") => fill_bucket(
@@ -255,7 +266,11 @@ pub fn interact(
                 ItemStack::new("minecraft:potion", 1).with_potion("minecraft:water"),
                 true,
             );
-            changed(lowered(cauldron), Some("minecraft:item.bottle.fill"))
+            changed(
+                lowered(cauldron),
+                Some("minecraft:item.bottle.fill"),
+                "use_cauldron",
+            )
         }
         ("water", "minecraft:potion") => {
             if level == 3 || !water_potion {
@@ -266,7 +281,7 @@ pub fn interact(
             // BlockState.cycle on a 1..=3 property
             next.properties
                 .insert("level".into(), (level % 3 + 1).to_string());
-            changed(next, Some("minecraft:item.bottle.empty"))
+            changed(next, Some("minecraft:item.bottle.empty"), "use_cauldron")
         }
         ("water", name)
             if name
@@ -283,7 +298,7 @@ pub fn interact(
             cleaned.data_mut().banner_patterns.pop();
             cleaned.tidy();
             filled(player, cleaned, false);
-            changed(lowered(cauldron), None)
+            changed(lowered(cauldron), None, "clean_banner")
         }
         ("water", name)
             if name
@@ -292,7 +307,7 @@ pub fn interact(
                 .is_some_and(|c| COLORS.contains(&c)) =>
         {
             filled(player, held.transmute("minecraft:shulker_box", 1), false);
-            changed(lowered(cauldron), None)
+            changed(lowered(cauldron), None, "clean_shulker_box")
         }
         ("lava", "minecraft:bucket") => fill_bucket(
             player,
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/containers.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/containers.rs
index 8ca9af0ad..956d2b9a4 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/containers.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/containers.rs
@@ -728,6 +728,18 @@ impl Furnace {
                                     .recipes_used
                                     .entry(recipe_used_key(&recipe.id))
                                     .or_insert(0) += 1;
+                                // AbstractFurnaceBlockEntity.burn: drying a wet sponge fills
+                                // the bucket in the fuel slot.
+                                if self.items[0]
+                                    .as_ref()
+                                    .is_some_and(|i| &*i.item == "minecraft:wet_sponge")
+                                    && self.items[1]
+                                        .as_ref()
+                                        .is_some_and(|f| &*f.item == "minecraft:bucket")
+                                {
+                                    self.items[1] =
+                                        Some(ItemStack::new("minecraft:water_bucket", 1));
+                                }
                                 if let Some(i) = self.items[0].as_mut() {
                                     i.count -= 1;
                                     if i.count == 0 {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/effects.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/effects.rs
index 16a7a273a..387de78b6 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/effects.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/effects.rs
@@ -214,8 +214,9 @@ impl PlayerEffects {
     }
     /// `LivingEntity.tickEffects` (server part) with the omens' effect ticks:
     /// `omen` answers `BadOmenMobEffect` (every tick) and `RaidOmenMobEffect`
-    /// (on its last tick). Returns the actions to apply, in order, and
-    /// whether Raid Omen was newly added.
+    /// (on its last tick); `absorption_empty` is `AbsorptionMobEffect`'s
+    /// answer: the effect ends once the absorption is used up. Returns the
+    /// actions to apply, in order, and whether Raid Omen was newly added.
     ///
     /// Bad Omen turning into a new Raid Omen adds an entry to the map being
     /// iterated: vanilla's iterator then throws a
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ impl PlayerEffects {
     pub fn tick_with(
         &mut self,
         omen: &mut dyn FnMut(&EffectInstance) -> OmenTick,
+        absorption_empty: bool,
     ) -> (Vec<EffectAction>, bool) {
         self.tick_count = self.tick_count.wrapping_add(1);
         let mut actions = Vec::new();
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ impl PlayerEffects {
             let answer = match e.id {
                 "bad_omen" => omen(e),
                 "raid_omen" if t == 1 => omen(e),
+                "absorption" if absorption_empty => OmenTick::Remove,
                 _ => OmenTick::Continue,
             };
             match answer {
@@ -466,13 +469,13 @@ mod tests {
         };
         // The first tick adds Raid Omen and stops there (the iterator's
         // ConcurrentModificationException): Bad Omen and Speed stay as they were.
-        let (_, added) = fx.tick_with(&mut convert);
+        let (_, added) = fx.tick_with(&mut convert, false);
         assert!(added);
         assert_eq!(fx.get("bad_omen").unwrap().duration, 100);
         assert_eq!(fx.get("speed").unwrap().duration, 50);
         assert_eq!(fx.get("raid_omen").unwrap().duration, 600);
         // The second refreshes Raid Omen and drops Bad Omen.
-        let (_, added) = fx.tick_with(&mut convert);
+        let (_, added) = fx.tick_with(&mut convert, false);
         assert!(!added);
         assert!(fx.get("bad_omen").is_none());
         assert_eq!(fx.get("speed").unwrap().duration, 49);
@@ -487,9 +490,9 @@ mod tests {
             seen.push(e.duration);
             OmenTick::Remove
         };
-        fx.tick_with(&mut watch);
+        fx.tick_with(&mut watch, false);
         assert!(fx.get("raid_omen").is_some());
-        fx.tick_with(&mut watch);
+        fx.tick_with(&mut watch, false);
         assert!(fx.get("raid_omen").is_none());
         assert_eq!(seen, vec![1]);
     }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/entity_nbt.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/entity_nbt.rs
index c65f35f5b..b2d1401da 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/entity_nbt.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/entity_nbt.rs
@@ -498,10 +498,6 @@ pub fn mob_to_nbt(m: &Mob, uuid: [i32; 4], raw: Option<&Tag>) -> Tag {
                 Tag::Int(i32::from(m.extra.variant.min(4))),
             );
         }
-        // Rabbit.addAdditionalSaveData (the legacy id; 99 is the killer bunny).
-        "minecraft:rabbit" => {
-            map.insert("RabbitType".into(), Tag::Int(i32::from(m.extra.variant)));
-        }
         "minecraft:parrot" => {
             map.insert(
                 "Variant".into(),
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs
index 0719878eb..867e79d4b 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs
@@ -570,6 +570,8 @@ struct GameLevel<'w> {
     player_collision: Option<PlayerCollision>,
     /// Minecart boxes (detector rails).
     cart_boxes: Vec<([f64; 3], [f64; 3])>,
+    /// Each minecart's kind and comparator signal, in `cart_boxes` order.
+    cart_signals: Vec<(minecarts::CartKind, i32)>,
     /// Arrow and thrown trident boxes (wooden buttons).
     arrow_boxes: Vec<([f64; 3], [f64; 3])>,
     /// The other entities that keep blocks from being placed into them.
@@ -648,6 +650,37 @@ impl EntityObstructionWorld for BuildingObstruction {
     }
 }
 impl GameLevel<'_> {
+    /// `DetectorRailBlock.getAnalogOutputSignal`: a powered rail reads the
+    /// minecart on it, a command block cart first (its success count, which
+    /// is 0 here), else the first container cart's fullness.
+    fn detector_rail_signal(&self, pos: BlockPos, powered: bool) -> i32 {
+        if !powered {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        let (x, y, z) = (f64::from(pos.x), f64::from(pos.y), f64::from(pos.z));
+        let area = Aabb::new(
+            Vec3::new(x + 0.2, y, z + 0.2),
+            Vec3::new(x + 0.8, y + 0.8, z + 0.8),
+        );
+        let mut container = None;
+        for ((lo, hi), &(kind, signal)) in self.cart_boxes.iter().zip(&self.cart_signals) {
+            let cart = Aabb::new(
+                Vec3::new(lo[0], lo[1], lo[2]),
+                Vec3::new(hi[0], hi[1], hi[2]),
+            );
+            if !area.intersects(cart) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            match kind {
+                minecarts::CartKind::CommandBlock => return 0,
+                minecarts::CartKind::Chest | minecarts::CartKind::Hopper => {
+                    container = container.or(Some(signal));
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        container.unwrap_or(0)
+    }
     /// Every entity box that blocks building: the players who aren't
     /// spectators, the minecarts and the `Blockers` (a removed mob or a marker
     /// armor stand, whose box is empty, doesn't).
@@ -708,6 +741,14 @@ impl LevelAccess for GameLevel<'_> {
         state: BlockStateId,
         _direction: Direction,
     ) -> i32 {
+        if let Some(s) = self.registry.state(state)
+            && s.name == "minecraft:detector_rail"
+        {
+            return self.detector_rail_signal(
+                pos,
+                s.properties.get("powered").is_some_and(|v| v == "true"),
+            );
+        }
         if let Some(signal) = command_blocks::analog_signal(self.world, (pos.x, pos.y, pos.z)) {
             return signal;
         }
@@ -2577,8 +2618,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                                 pickups::Taken::Item(Box::new(item.clone())),
                                 pickups::Collector::Player,
                             );
+                            // handleTakeItemEntity: the random pitch of a full pickup.
+                            let pitch = ((self.world.random.next_float()
+                                - self.world.random.next_float())
+                                * 0.7
+                                + 1.0)
+                                * 2.0;
                             self.audio
-                                .play("minecraft:entity.item.pickup", Some(feet), 0.2, 1.0);
+                                .play("minecraft:entity.item.pickup", Some(feet), 0.2, pitch);
                         }
                         item.stack = rest;
                     }
@@ -2635,6 +2682,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 )
             })
             .collect();
+        let cart_signals = self.cart_signals();
         let arrow_boxes = self
             .creatures
             .projectiles
@@ -2677,6 +2725,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         };
         let mut level = GameLevel {
             cart_boxes,
+            cart_signals,
             arrow_boxes,
             blockers,
             world: &mut self.world,
@@ -3073,6 +3122,34 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     pos,
                     data,
                 } => self.composter_fill_event(pos, data == 1),
+                // LevelEventHandler 1504: the stalactite's drip particle.
+                LevelEvent::LevelEvent { id: 1504, pos, .. } => self.dripstone_drip_particle(pos),
+                // LevelEventHandler 2006: the dragon fireball's burst.
+                LevelEvent::LevelEvent {
+                    id: 2006,
+                    pos,
+                    data,
+                } => self.dragon_fireball_burst(pos, data),
+                // LevelEventHandler 2009: a wet sponge drying.
+                LevelEvent::LevelEvent { id: 2009, pos, .. } => {
+                    self.puffs_above_block(pos, horizon_client::particles::ParticleType::Cloud)
+                }
+                // LevelEventHandler 2012: a turtle egg laid.
+                LevelEvent::LevelEvent {
+                    id: 2012,
+                    pos,
+                    data,
+                } => self.turtle_egg_particles(pos, data),
+                // LevelEventHandler 2014: a straw bed destroyed, with no sound.
+                LevelEvent::LevelEvent {
+                    id: 2014,
+                    pos,
+                    data,
+                } => self.destroy_particles([pos.x, pos.y, pos.z], BlockStateId(data as u32)),
+                // LevelEventHandler 3009: a sniffer egg cracking.
+                LevelEvent::LevelEvent { id: 3009, pos, .. } => {
+                    self.sniffer_egg_crack_particles(pos)
+                }
                 LevelEvent::LevelEvent {
                     id: id @ 3011..=3021,
                     pos,
@@ -3088,6 +3165,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                         1501 => Some(("minecraft:block.lava.extinguish", 0.5)),
                         1009 => Some(("minecraft:block.fire.extinguish", 0.5)),
                         1502 => Some(("minecraft:block.redstone_torch.burnout", 0.5)),
+                        1033 => Some(("minecraft:block.chorus_flower.grow", 1.0)),
+                        1034 => Some(("minecraft:block.chorus_flower.death", 1.0)),
+                        1046 => Some((
+                            "minecraft:block.pointed_dripstone.drip_lava_into_cauldron",
+                            2.0,
+                        )),
+                        1047 => Some((
+                            "minecraft:block.pointed_dripstone.drip_water_into_cauldron",
+                            2.0,
+                        )),
                         // LevelEvent.SOUND_ZOMBIE_WOODEN_DOOR (attack, break).
                         1019 => Some(("minecraft:entity.zombie.attack_wooden_door", 2.0)),
                         1021 => Some(("minecraft:entity.zombie.break_wooden_door", 2.0)),
@@ -3109,6 +3196,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                                     - self.world.random.next_float())
                                     * 0.8
                             }
+                            // LevelEventHandler draws these from the client
+                            // level's random, before 1501's and 1502's smoke.
+                            1501 | 1502 => {
+                                let r = self.particles.level_random();
+                                2.6 + (r.next_float() - r.next_float()) * 0.8
+                            }
+                            1046 | 1047 => self.particles.level_random().next_float() * 0.1 + 0.9,
                             1029 | 1030 | 1042 | 1043 | 1044 | 1053 | 1054 => {
                                 self.world.random.next_float() * 0.1 + 0.9
                             }
@@ -3127,6 +3221,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                             self.audio.play(name, c, volume, pitch);
                         }
                     }
+                    // LevelEventHandler 1501 and 1502 draw their smoke after the sound.
+                    match id {
+                        1501 => self.puffs_above_block(
+                            pos,
+                            horizon_client::particles::ParticleType::LargeSmoke,
+                        ),
+                        1502 => self.torch_burnout_smoke(pos),
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
                 }
                 LevelEvent::Sound {
                     pos,
@@ -3193,6 +3296,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     // Popped as the behaviour emits it (GameLevel::emit).
                     PlayerEffect::DropItem(_) => {}
                     PlayerEffect::EatCake => {
+                        // CakeBlock.eat
+                        self.stats.custom("eat_cake_slice", 1);
                         if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
                             let food = &mut p.health.food;
                             food.food = (food.food + 2).min(20);
@@ -3326,11 +3431,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.open_command_block(key);
             return;
         }
+        // SignBlock.useWithoutItem: the text editor, not a container.
+        if horizon_client::signs::sign_kind(&name).is_some() {
+            self.use_sign_empty_hand(pos);
+            return;
+        }
         if &*name == "minecraft:crafting_table" {
             self.craft_size = 3;
             self.craft_table = Some(pos);
         } else if &*name == "minecraft:ender_chest" {
             self.open_ender_chest(key);
+            // EnderChestBlock.useWithoutItem
+            self.stats.custom("open_enderchest", 1);
             self.container_opener_event(key, true);
             let at = [
                 f64::from(key.0) + 0.5,
@@ -3722,6 +3834,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 {
                     self.hive_broken_by_player(pos, hive, honey, facing);
                 }
+                // InfestedBlock.spawnAfterBreak: its silverfish comes out unless the
+                // tool has silk touch (#prevents_infested_spawns) or blocks don't drop.
+                if facts.name.starts_with("minecraft:infested_")
+                    && !silk
+                    && self.ui.rules.bool("block_drops")
+                {
+                    let at = [
+                        f64::from(pos[0]) + 0.5,
+                        f64::from(pos[1]),
+                        f64::from(pos[2]) + 0.5,
+                    ];
+                    if let Some(id) = self.spawn_mob("minecraft:silverfish", at, false) {
+                        self.mob_poof(id);
+                    }
+                }
                 // SpawnerBlock.spawnAfterBreak pops its experience whatever the tool.
                 let xp = if silk && &*facts.name != "minecraft:spawner" {
                     0
@@ -3843,6 +3970,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 self.swing_arm();
                 return Ok(true);
             }
+            if self.use_sign_applicator(hit.pos, held.as_ref()) {
+                self.swing_arm();
+                return Ok(true);
+            }
             if self.use_jukebox(hit.pos, held.as_ref()) {
                 self.swing_arm();
                 return Ok(true);
@@ -3902,6 +4033,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     )
                 });
                 self.process_level_events()?;
+                // NoteBlock.useWithoutItem (tuned) and BellBlock.onHit (rung).
+                if result == horizon_world::level::InteractionResult::Success {
+                    let name = self
+                        .res
+                        .facts()
+                        .get(self.world.block(hit.pos[0], hit.pos[1], hit.pos[2]))
+                        .name
+                        .clone();
+                    match &*name {
+                        "minecraft:note_block" => self.stats.custom("tune_noteblock", 1),
+                        "minecraft:bell" => self.stats.custom("bell_ring", 1),
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
                 if result.consumes_action() {
                     self.swing_arm();
                     return Ok(true);
@@ -4792,6 +4937,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     };
                     self.audio.play(name, Some(feet), volume, pitch);
                 }
+                // Player.causeFallDamage: a fall of 2 blocks or more counts.
+                MotionEvent::Fall(horizon_client::landing::FallEvent::Statistic(cm)) => {
+                    self.stats.custom("fall_one_cm", cm)
+                }
                 // LivingEntity.checkFallDamage: the block's crumbs where the fall landed.
                 MotionEvent::Fall(horizon_client::landing::FallEvent::Particles {
                     state,
@@ -7934,13 +8083,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// The visual and sound part of `Player.doSweepAttack` after a successful hit.
     pub(super) fn sweep_attack(&mut self, at: [f64; 3], from: Option<[f64; 3]>) {
-        self.particles.add(
-            &horizon_client::particles::ParticleOptions::simple(
-                horizon_client::particles::ParticleType::SweepAttack,
-            ),
-            at,
-            [0.0; 3],
+        let sweep = horizon_client::particles::ParticleOptions::simple(
+            horizon_client::particles::ParticleType::SweepAttack,
         );
+        self.particles.add(&sweep, at, [0.0; 3]);
+        // Player.sweepAttack's `sendParticles(SWEEP_ATTACK, ..., 0, dx, 0, dz, 0)`:
+        // the offset is the one from the player to the particle.
+        let origin = from.unwrap_or(at);
+        let spread = [at[0] - origin[0], 0.0, at[2] - origin[2]];
+        self.lan_send_particles(&sweep, at, spread, 0.0, 0);
         self.audio
             .play("minecraft:entity.player.attack.sweep", from, 1.0, 1.0);
     }
@@ -8095,11 +8246,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let sweep = self.sweep_attack_position(scale, crit);
         let (knockback, knockback_attack) = self.extra_knockback(&target_kind, scale);
         self.attack_ticks = 0;
-        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut()
-            && !self.creative
-        {
-            p.cause_food_exhaustion(0.1);
-        }
         let player = self.player.as_ref();
         let from = player.map(|p| [p.position.x, p.position.y, p.position.z]);
         if knockback_attack {
@@ -8179,6 +8325,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     0.2,
                     (actual * 0.5) as u32,
                 );
+                // The players a server serves are sent them too.
+                self.lan_send_particles(
+                    &indicator,
+                    [feet[0], feet[1] + height * 0.5, feet[2]],
+                    [0.1, 0.0, 0.1],
+                    0.2,
+                    (actual * 0.5) as u32,
+                );
             }
             self.last_hurt_by_player
                 .insert(self.mobs[index].id, self.lan_acting);
@@ -8209,6 +8363,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 }
             }
             self.weapon_hit(index);
+            // Player.attack: causeFoodExhaustion(0.1F) only when the hit hurt
+            // (inside `if (wasHurt)`), after damageStatsAndHearts.
+            if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut()
+                && !self.creative
+            {
+                p.cause_food_exhaustion(0.1);
+            }
         } else {
             self.audio
                 .play("minecraft:entity.player.attack.nodamage", from, 1.0, 1.0);
@@ -8772,6 +8933,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         self.lan_close(false);
         self.save_game()?;
+        if let Some(mut remote) = self.remote.take() {
+            // Minecraft.disconnect closes the connection, so the host sees a clean leave.
+            remote.session.disconnect();
+        }
         self.saved_for_exit = true;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -9053,6 +9218,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if result.outcome == Outcome::Pass {
             return Ok(false);
         }
+        if let Some(stat) = result.stat {
+            self.stats.custom(stat, 1);
+        }
         if let Some(block) = result.block
             && let Ok(new) = registry.resolve(&block)
         {
@@ -9162,6 +9330,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         else {
             return Ok(false);
         };
+        // BlockTransformer.transformBlock: ITEM_USED_ON_BLOCK before the swap.
+        self.trigger_block("minecraft:item_used_on_block", pos, stack);
         self.level_set(pos, new)?;
         // BlockTransformer.TransformParticle.send.
         self.transform_particle(&particle, pos);
@@ -9434,6 +9604,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             if let Some(waxed) = old.and_then(|old| self.res.transformers().waxed(registry, &old))
                 && let Ok(state) = registry.resolve(&waxed)
             {
+                // HoneycombItem.useOn: ITEM_USED_ON_BLOCK before the swap.
+                self.trigger_block("minecraft:item_used_on_block", hit.pos, stack);
                 self.level_set(hit.pos, state)?;
                 self.level_event_at(3003, hit.pos, 0);
                 self.audio.play(
@@ -10884,6 +11056,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
             return Ok(false);
         }
+        // A server pack's reload covers the frame with its progress
+        // (`LoadingOverlay`) until `tick_server_packs` applies it.
+        if let Some(reload) = &self.server_packs.reload {
+            if let Some(renderer) = &mut self.renderer {
+                let mut hud = HudBatch::new([renderer.config.width, renderer.config.height]);
+                horizon_client::level_loading::draw_progress(
+                    &mut hud,
+                    &self.gui.atlas,
+                    reload.progress.line(),
+                    reload.progress.fraction(),
+                );
+                return renderer.render(&loading_frame(&hud));
+            }
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
         let Some(size) = self
             .renderer
             .as_ref()
@@ -11971,6 +12158,19 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
         {
             return;
         }
+        // The pack reload's progress overlay takes no input
+        // (`LoadingOverlay`): `start_pack_reload` released what was held.
+        if self.server_packs.reload.is_some()
+            && !matches!(
+                &event,
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested
+                    | WindowEvent::Focused(_)
+                    | WindowEvent::Resized(_)
+                    | WindowEvent::RedrawRequested
+            )
+        {
+            return;
+        }
         if self.pending_save.is_some() {
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
@@ -12773,6 +12973,16 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
         }
     }
     fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        if horizon_threads::stop_requests() > 0
+            && self.pending_save.as_ref().is_none_or(|save| !save.quit)
+        {
+            // SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGHUP: the shutdown hook's server halt, as a window close.
+            if let Err(error) = self.begin_closing_save(true) {
+                self.error = Some(error);
+                event_loop.exit();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
         if self.pending_save.is_some() {
             match self.poll_closing_save() {
                 Ok(true) => event_loop.exit(),
@@ -13468,7 +13678,6 @@ const NUMERIC_KEYS: [KeyCode; 11] = [
     KeyCode::Numpad9,
 ];
 
-const STAGES: u32 = 10;
 const STAGE_LINES: [&str; 10] = [
     "Loading menu",
     "Loading assets",
@@ -13484,19 +13693,28 @@ const STAGE_LINES: [&str; 10] = [
 
 /// The background loader's checkpoint, read by the loading screen each frame.
 #[derive(Clone)]
-struct Progress(Arc<AtomicU32>);
+struct Progress {
+    value: Arc<AtomicU32>,
+    lines: &'static [&'static str],
+}
 impl Progress {
     fn new() -> Self {
-        Self(Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)))
+        Self::with(&STAGE_LINES)
+    }
+    fn with(lines: &'static [&'static str]) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
+            lines,
+        }
     }
     fn set(&self, stage: u32) {
-        self.0.store(stage, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.value.store(stage, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
     fn fraction(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as f32 / (STAGES - 1) as f32
+        self.value.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as f32 / (self.lines.len() - 1) as f32
     }
     fn line(&self) -> &'static str {
-        STAGE_LINES[(self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as usize).min(STAGE_LINES.len() - 1)]
+        self.lines[(self.value.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as usize).min(self.lines.len() - 1)]
     }
 }
 
@@ -14263,6 +14481,11 @@ impl Loading {
         }
     }
     fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        if horizon_threads::stop_requests() > 0 {
+            // No world is open yet: nothing to save.
+            event_loop.exit();
+            return;
+        }
         if let Err(error) = self.poll_menu_resources() {
             self.error = Some(error);
             event_loop.exit();
@@ -14540,6 +14763,9 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
     {
         horizon_client::heartbeat::start();
     }
+    if options.execution_role.is_client() {
+        horizon_threads::catch_stop_signals();
+    }
     let started = Instant::now();
     horizon_client::spans::enable(options.spikes.is_some());
     let vanilla_root = options.resources.clone();
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/advancements.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/advancements.rs
index 0f76d0ca9..f7bafd767 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/advancements.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/advancements.rs
@@ -708,6 +708,27 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let it = item_view(stack);
         self.trigger(name, |c, w| adv::item_entity(c, &me, target, &it, w));
     }
+    /// `TradeTrigger`: the villager and the item the trade gave.
+    pub(super) fn trigger_trade(&mut self, villager: &EntityView, stack: &ItemStack) {
+        let me = self.player_entity();
+        let villager = villager.clone();
+        let it = item_view(stack);
+        self.trigger("minecraft:villager_trade", move |c, w| {
+            let pctx = adv::Entities {
+                this: Some(&me),
+                origin: me.position,
+                tool: None,
+                block_pos: None,
+            };
+            let vctx = adv::Entities {
+                this: Some(&villager),
+                ..pctx
+            };
+            adv::conditions(&c["player"], &pctx, w)
+                && adv::conditions(&c["villager"], &vctx, w)
+                && adv::item(&c["item"], &it, w)
+        });
+    }
     /// `EnterBlockTrigger`: the block, its state properties and the player.
     pub(super) fn trigger_enter_block(&mut self, state: horizon_world::registry::BlockStateId) {
         let Some(definition) = self.pack.assets.registry.state(state).cloned() else {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/allays.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/allays.rs
index bed835663..dba4edfad 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/allays.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/allays.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let m = &mut self.mobs[i];
         m.extra.ints[1] -= 1;
         m.extra.ints[3] = 60;
-        self.spawn_item(ItemStack::new(&item, 1), from, v, 40);
+        // ItemEntity.setDefaultPickUpDelay.
+        self.spawn_item(ItemStack::new(&item, 1), from, v, 10);
         if self.world.game_time % 7 == 0 && self.world.random.next_double() < 0.9 {
             const PITCHES: [f32; 16] = [
                 0.5625, 0.625, 0.75, 0.9375, 1.0, 1.0, 1.125, 1.25, 1.5, 1.875, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5,
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/chat.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/chat.rs
index 94f7661b7..c392f3ea6 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/chat.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/chat.rs
@@ -789,6 +789,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     pub(super) fn sync_rules(&mut self) {
         self.world.health_rules.natural_regeneration =
             self.ui.rules.bool("natural_health_regeneration");
+        // Player.isInvulnerableTo: the damage-type rules.
+        self.world.health_rules.drowning_damage = self.ui.rules.bool("drowning_damage");
+        self.world.health_rules.fall_damage = self.ui.rules.bool("fall_damage");
+        self.world.health_rules.fire_damage = self.ui.rules.bool("fire_damage");
+        self.world.health_rules.freeze_damage = self.ui.rules.bool("freeze_damage");
         use horizon_world::food::Difficulty;
         self.world.health_rules.difficulty = match self.ui.difficulty {
             0 => Difficulty::Peaceful,
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/consume.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/consume.rs
index dc187d207..e5fae08ca 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/consume.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/consume.rs
@@ -67,6 +67,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.audio
                 .play("minecraft:entity.player.burp", self.feet(), 0.5, pitch);
         }
+        // SuspiciousStewEffects.onConsume, a ConsumableListener: each entry is
+        // added as a `MobEffectInstance(effect, duration)` (amplifier 0).
+        if let Some(data) = stack.extra.as_deref() {
+            for (id, duration) in &data.stew_effects {
+                if let Some(def) = horizon_client::brewing::effect(id) {
+                    self.add_player_effect(horizon_client::effects::EffectInstance::new(
+                        def.id, *duration, 0,
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
         for effect in &consumable.effects {
             self.apply_consume_effect(effect);
         }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/copper_golems.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/copper_golems.rs
index 2f98e1c7e..db4e03b0b 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/copper_golems.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/copper_golems.rs
@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         slot: usize,
         stack: Option<ItemStack>,
     ) {
-        if let Some(e) = self
-            .world
-            .block_entities
-            .get_mut(&(chest[0], chest[1], chest[2]))
+        let key = (chest[0], chest[1], chest[2]);
+        if let Some(e) = self.world.block_entities.get_mut(&key)
             && let Some(s) = e.slots_mut().get_mut(slot)
         {
             *s = stack;
+            // TransportItemsBetweenContainers calls Container.setChanged.
+            self.container_changed(key);
         }
     }
     /// `ContainerOpenersCounter.recheckOpeners` every five ticks: the golems
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/creatures.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/creatures.rs
index 221af37f6..1e1b3456d 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/creatures.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/creatures.rs
@@ -46,10 +46,22 @@ pub(super) struct Creatures {
     pub projectiles: Vec<Projectile>,
     /// Wind bursts from a guest's turn, waiting for it to end (game/wind.rs).
     pub wind_bursts: Vec<super::wind::Burst>,
+    /// Explosion packets from a guest's turn, waiting for it to end
+    /// (centre, small, radius, blocks hit; game/lan_particles.rs).
+    pub lan_explosions: Vec<([f64; 3], bool, f32, usize)>,
     /// Ticks left of the elder guardian's apparition (MobAppearanceParticle).
     pub elder_apparition: i32,
     /// The wandering trader spawner's clock.
     pub trader: super::wandering_trader::Spawner,
+    /// Particles from a guest's turn, waiting for it to end
+    /// (`lan_send_particles`: options, centre, spread, speed, count).
+    pub lan_particles: Vec<(
+        horizon_client::particles::ParticleOptions,
+        [f64; 3],
+        [f64; 3],
+        f64,
+        u32,
+    )>,
 }
 pub(super) struct ProjWorld<'a, 'w> {
     pub w: &'a MobWorld<'w>,
@@ -198,6 +210,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             uuid: self.level.player_uuid.unwrap_or_default(),
             allies: std::sync::Arc::new(self.player_allies()),
             remote: false,
+            passenger: self.riding.is_some(),
         })
     }
     /// Biome facts at a position for finalizeSpawn and variant rules.
@@ -2125,6 +2138,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 _ => self.projectile_hit(&p, hit)?,
             }
         }
+        self.flush_lan_explosions();
         self.flush_wind_bursts()
     }
     /// `projectile_hit` for a projectile the guest `conn` shot, run as them;
@@ -2891,6 +2905,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.swing_arm();
             return Ok(true);
         }
+        if self.interact_armadillo(index, &item) {
+            if let Some(stack) = &held {
+                let target = self.mob_entity(&self.mobs[index]);
+                self.trigger_item_entity("minecraft:player_interacted_with_entity", stack, &target);
+            }
+            self.swing_arm();
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
         if self.interact_copper_golem(index, &item) {
             self.swing_arm();
             return Ok(true);
@@ -2946,6 +2968,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 consume = true;
                 sound = Some("entity.cow.milk");
             }
+            // Goat.mobInteract: a bucket on an adult gives milk.
+            Species::Goat if item == "minecraft:bucket" && !m.is_baby() => {
+                give = Some("minecraft:milk_bucket");
+                consume = true;
+                sound = Some(if m.extra.screaming {
+                    "entity.goat.screaming.milk"
+                } else {
+                    "entity.goat.milk"
+                });
+            }
             Species::Mooshroom if item == "minecraft:bowl" && !m.is_baby() => {
                 give = Some("minecraft:mushroom_stew");
                 consume = true;
@@ -3206,6 +3238,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     self.trigger_entity("minecraft:tame_animal", "entity", &view);
                 }
             }
+            // Tadpole.feed: frog food ages it by a tenth of the time left to
+            // grow into a frog (it grows on its next tick once past 24000).
+            Species::Tadpole if is_food && !m.extra.age_locked => {
+                consume = true;
+                let left = 24_000 - m.extra.age;
+                m.extra.age += ((left / 20) as f32 * 0.1) as i32 * 20;
+                // One happy villager particle at rest about the body.
+                self.particles_around_mob(
+                    self.mobs[index].id,
+                    "happy_villager",
+                    horizon_client::particles::Burst::HORSE_EATING,
+                );
+            }
             // HappyGhast.canFallInLove: never, so only a ghastling takes food.
             _ if is_food
                 && m.kind.flags.animal
@@ -3293,6 +3338,50 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         Ok(true)
     }
+    /// `Armadillo.mobInteract`: a brush brushes a scute off an adult
+    /// (`brushOffScute`) and loses 16 durability.
+    fn interact_armadillo(&mut self, index: usize, item: &str) -> bool {
+        let m = &self.mobs[index];
+        if item != "minecraft:brush"
+            || m.species() != Species::Armadillo
+            || !m.alive()
+            || m.is_baby()
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let (id, at) = (m.id, m.position);
+        let feet = [at.x, at.y, at.z];
+        let tool = self.held().cloned();
+        let table = "minecraft:brush/armadillo";
+        for d in self.sequence_loot(table, table, tool.as_ref()) {
+            self.spawn_at_location(at, 0.0, d);
+        }
+        self.audio
+            .play("minecraft:entity.armadillo.brush", Some(feet), 1.0, 1.0);
+        let ctx = self.who_context(Some(Who::Mob(id)), None);
+        self.post_game_event("minecraft:entity_interact", feet, ctx);
+        // ItemStack.hurtAndBreak(16).
+        if !self.creative
+            && let Some(stack) = tool
+        {
+            let max = self
+                .res
+                .items()
+                .get(&stack.item)
+                .map_or(0, |i| i.max_damage);
+            if max > 0 {
+                let loss = self.durability_loss(&stack, 16);
+                let slot = self.held_slot();
+                if let Some(held) = self.stack_in_mut(slot).as_mut() {
+                    held.damage += loss;
+                    if held.damage >= max {
+                        *self.stack_in_mut(slot) = None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
     pub(super) fn damage_held_tool(&mut self) {
         if self.creative {
             return;
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/deflect.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/deflect.rs
index a08de87b3..088374a34 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/deflect.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/deflect.rs
@@ -120,6 +120,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         p.guest = guest;
         // Not into the one who turned it on its way out.
         p.left_owner = false;
+        // `AbstractHurtingProjectile.onDeflection` by an attack, and the
+        // `needsSync` that `AIM_DEFLECT` sets: a server's players see it turn
+        // at once, not at the fireball's next update ten ticks later.
+        p.acceleration = 0.1;
+        p.needs_sync = true;
         self.reset_attack_strength();
         self.swing_arm();
         let from = self
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/dragon.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/dragon.rs
index 4f6cdb0b3..bd324d437 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/dragon.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/dragon.rs
@@ -291,11 +291,11 @@ pub(super) enum FightWho {
 }
 /// A player in the End as the dragon sees it.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-struct FightPlayer {
-    who: FightWho,
-    position: Vec3,
-    bounds: Aabb,
-    alive: bool,
+pub(super) struct FightPlayer {
+    pub(super) who: FightWho,
+    pub(super) position: Vec3,
+    pub(super) bounds: Aabb,
+    pub(super) alive: bool,
     creative: bool,
     spectator: bool,
 }
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// The players in the level the dragon sees (`level.players()`): the
     /// window's own, then every guest in the level.
-    fn fight_players(&self) -> Vec<FightPlayer> {
+    pub(super) fn fight_players(&self) -> Vec<FightPlayer> {
         let mut out = Vec::new();
         if let Some(p) = self.player.as_ref() {
             out.push(FightPlayer {
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// Run `f` as the fight's player `who` (a guest's turn, its knockback
     /// sent to its client).
-    fn as_fight_player(&mut self, who: FightWho, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
+    pub(super) fn as_fight_player(&mut self, who: FightWho, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
         match who {
             FightWho::Host => f(self),
             FightWho::Guest(conn) => {
@@ -1568,6 +1568,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                         age: 0,
                         duration: 200,
                         from_dragon: true,
+                        potion: None,
                     });
                 }
             }
@@ -2080,12 +2081,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     age: 0,
                     duration: 600,
                     from_dragon: false,
+                    potion: None,
                 });
-                self.audio.play(
-                    "minecraft:entity.dragon_fireball.explode",
-                    Some([next.x, next.y, next.z]),
-                    1.0,
-                    1.0,
+                // DragonFireball.onHit: level event 2006 (the burst of dragon
+                // breath and the explosion sound) at its block position.
+                self.level_event_at(
+                    2006,
+                    [
+                        next.x.floor() as i32,
+                        next.y.floor() as i32,
+                        next.z.floor() as i32,
+                    ],
+                    1,
                 );
                 return false;
             }
@@ -2112,6 +2119,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let mut harmed: Vec<(FightWho, f32)> = Vec::new();
         let mut clouds = std::mem::take(&mut self.breath_clouds);
         clouds.retain_mut(|c| {
+            // Lingering potions' clouds tick with the potions.
+            if c.potion.is_some() {
+                return true;
+            }
             c.age += 1;
             if c.age >= c.duration {
                 return false;
@@ -2259,8 +2270,22 @@ pub(super) struct Breath {
     pub(super) at: [f64; 3],
     pub(super) radius: f32,
     pub(super) age: i32,
-    duration: i32,
-    from_dragon: bool,
+    pub(super) duration: i32,
+    pub(super) from_dragon: bool,
+    /// A lingering potion's cloud (`ThrownLingeringPotion`): what it applies.
+    pub(super) potion: Option<super::potions::PotionCloud>,
+}
+impl Breath {
+    /// `AreaEffectCloud.isWaiting`: before its wait time (20 ticks, 10 for a
+    /// lingering potion's).
+    pub(super) fn waiting(&self) -> bool {
+        self.age
+            < if self.potion.is_some() {
+                super::potions::LINGERING_WAIT
+            } else {
+                20
+            }
+    }
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
     /// `EnderDragonRenderer` and `EnderDragonModel.setupAnim`.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/fishing.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/fishing.rs
index b308b9f1d..c42dad427 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/fishing.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/fishing.rs
@@ -433,6 +433,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let options = ParticleOptions::simple(kind);
         self.particles
             .send_particles(&options, at, spread, speed, count);
+        // The players a server serves are sent them too.
+        self.lan_send_particles(&options, at, spread, speed, count);
     }
     /// `FishingHook.tick`.
     pub(super) fn tick_fishing(&mut self) {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/jukebox.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/jukebox.rs
index c3ed75ebb..87f91895e 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/jukebox.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/jukebox.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if !self.creative {
             self.consume_held();
         }
+        self.stats.custom("play_record", 1);
         self.world.block_entities.insert(
             (pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]),
             BlockEntity::Jukebox(Jukebox {
@@ -90,6 +91,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.set_has_record(pos, true);
         self.start_song(pos, &song);
         self.jukebox_changed(pos);
+        // ServerPlayerGameMode.useItemOn: the action was consumed.
+        self.trigger_block("minecraft:item_used_on_block", pos, stack);
         true
     }
     /// Level event 1010: the song from the jukebox, and the "Now Playing" overlay.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan.rs
index a0f99bfca..9ea4fe7c9 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan.rs
@@ -1030,6 +1030,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             for m in &mut self.mobs {
                 m.needs_sync = false;
             }
+            for p in &mut self.creatures.projectiles {
+                p.needs_sync = false;
+            }
             // `runBlockEvents`' broadcast precedes the tick's block changes
             // (`ChunkHolder.broadcastChanges` in `tick_level` below): the
             // guest re-runs a piston's `triggerEvent` while its level still
@@ -1190,8 +1193,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         drop(holding);
         lan::flush_all(host.hub.guests.iter().map(|g| &g.sender));
         self.lan = Some(host);
-        // A mace's wind burst from a guest's attack.
+        // A blast from a guest's attack, and a mace's wind burst.
+        self.flush_lan_explosions();
         let _ = self.flush_wind_bursts();
+        // Particles a guest's turn sent (sweep attack, damage indicator, a hook's splashes).
+        self.flush_lan_particles();
     }
 
     fn lan_guest_joined(
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_actions.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_actions.rs
index ef177d26d..f9a61f280 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_actions.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_actions.rs
@@ -267,8 +267,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         let mut play = host.play.remove(&conn).unwrap_or_default();
         if fresh {
-            // A new body (joined, respawned, changed level): nothing on it yet.
+            // A new body (joined, respawned, changed level): nothing on it yet,
+            // its effects' modifiers and armor protection included.
             play.equipped = None;
+            play.potions = Default::default();
             play.sculk = Default::default();
         }
         let g = &mut host.hub.guests[i];
@@ -405,6 +407,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.apply_equipment();
             play.equipped = Some(equipped);
         }
+        // The player's effects are on the new body before anything it does
+        // (the movement that brought it, a landing): vanilla keeps the same
+        // entity through a level change, with its attributes and effects.
+        if fresh {
+            self.apply_effect_status();
+        }
         self.update_totem_ready();
         Some(GuestSwap {
             conn,
@@ -1541,9 +1549,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if let Some(victim) = Self::pvp_victim(host, conn, id) {
             if let Some(Some(strike)) = self.as_guest(host, conn, |g| g.pvp_strike())
                 && self.pvp_land(host, victim, &strike)
-                && strike.stops_sprint()
             {
-                self.as_guest(host, conn, |g| g.stop_sprint_after_extra_knockback());
+                self.as_guest(host, conn, |g| {
+                    g.pvp_exhaustion();
+                    if strike.stops_sprint() {
+                        g.stop_sprint_after_extra_knockback();
+                    }
+                });
             }
             return;
         }
@@ -1848,10 +1860,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         };
         xp.respawn(self.ui.rules.bool("keep_inventory") || g.game_mode == SPECTATOR);
         (g.xp_level, g.xp_progress, g.xp_total) = (xp.level, xp.progress, xp.total);
-        // A new body: nothing given to the old one carries over.
-        if let Some(play) = host.play.get_mut(&conn) {
-            play.potions = Default::default();
-        }
         let clock_rate = self.network_clock_rate();
         let ctx = TickCtx {
             world: &mut self.world,
@@ -2336,6 +2344,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             // ServerEntity.sendChanges sends it as it is after this travel.
             let marked = std::mem::take(&mut player.health.sync_velocity);
             let velocity = marked.then_some(player.velocity);
+            // Player.causeFallDamage: a fall of 2 blocks or more counts.
+            for event in &events {
+                if let MotionEvent::Fall(horizon_client::landing::FallEvent::Statistic(cm)) = event
+                {
+                    game.stats.custom("fall_one_cm", *cm);
+                }
+            }
             game.record_combat(&events);
             game.wear_armor(&events);
             (events, velocity)
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_entities.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_entities.rs
index 665710be2..f5e35631d 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_entities.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_entities.rs
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             let mut e = state(p.id, kind, at(p.position), p.yaw, false);
             e.pitch = p.pitch;
             e.velocity = at(p.velocity);
+            e.needs_sync = p.needs_sync;
             // Projectile.getAddEntityPacket: the owner's id.
             e.data = match p.guest.and_then(|conn| hub.guest(conn)) {
                 Some(g) => g.entity_id,
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
             out.push(e);
         }
-        // The dragon's breath clouds (AreaEffectCloud's DATA_RADIUS,
+        // The dragon's breath and lingering potion clouds (AreaEffectCloud's DATA_RADIUS,
         // DATA_WAITING for its 20-tick wait, and DATA_PARTICLE): the
         // client draws them from these (`tick_remote_clouds`).
         let breath = self.network_particle(
@@ -484,10 +485,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         for b in self.breath_clouds.iter().filter(|b| b.id != 0) {
             let mut e = state(b.id, "minecraft:area_effect_cloud", b.at, 0.0, false);
             e.meta.push((8, serializer::FLOAT, Value::Float(b.radius)));
-            if b.age < 20 {
+            if b.waiting() {
                 e.meta.push((9, serializer::BOOLEAN, Value::Bool(true)));
             }
-            if let Some(p) = &breath {
+            let particle = match &b.potion {
+                Some(p) => self.network_particle(&p.particle(), None),
+                None => breath.clone(),
+            };
+            if let Some(p) = &particle {
                 e.meta
                     .push((10, serializer::PARTICLE, Value::Particle(p.clone())));
             }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_mobs.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_mobs.rs
index db042be43..973e645d0 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_mobs.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_mobs.rs
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@ mod tests {
             uuid: [0; 4],
             allies: Default::default(),
             remote: false,
+            passenger: false,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_particles.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_particles.rs
index 648cef962..5554d6f21 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_particles.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_particles.rs
@@ -318,16 +318,86 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// `ServerLevel.sendParticles` for the players a server serves: one
+    /// `ClientboundLevelParticlesPacket` to each player in the level whose
+    /// block is within 32 blocks of `at`. The window's own player is not
+    /// sent it (the caller draws it in this window). While the host holds
+    /// the players (a guest's turn through `as_guest`, a host's hit on a
+    /// guest) the packet waits for the turn to end so that it reaches every
+    /// player, the guest too.
+    pub(super) fn lan_send_particles(
+        &mut self,
+        options: &ParticleOptions,
+        at: [f64; 3],
+        spread: [f64; 3],
+        speed: f64,
+        count: u32,
+    ) {
+        if self.lan.is_none() {
+            // The server is running (its sounds are captured for the guests).
+            if self.audio.capture.is_some() {
+                self.creatures
+                    .lan_particles
+                    .push((options.clone(), at, spread, speed, count));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(particle) = self.network_particle(options, None) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let Some(host) = self.lan.as_ref() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let body = C::LevelParticles(play::LevelParticles {
+            particle,
+            override_limiter: false,
+            always_show: false,
+            pos: at,
+            dist: spread.map(|d| d as f32),
+            max_speed: [speed as f32; 3],
+            count: count as i32,
+            randomization: 0,
+        })
+        .encode();
+        for g in host.hub.guests.iter().filter(|g| host.hub.here(g)) {
+            // BlockPos.closerToCenterThan(at, 32): from the centre of the
+            // player's block.
+            let d: f64 = (0..3)
+                .map(|k| (g.position[k].floor() + 0.5 - at[k]).powi(2))
+                .sum();
+            if d < 32.0 * 32.0 {
+                g.sender.send(body.clone());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The particles guests' turns put off.
+    pub(super) fn flush_lan_particles(&mut self) {
+        for (options, at, spread, speed, count) in std::mem::take(&mut self.creatures.lan_particles)
+        {
+            self.lan_send_particles(&options, at, spread, speed, count);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// `ServerLevel.explode`'s packet to each player within 64 blocks. The
     /// sound and the push reach them on their own (the level's sounds, the
     /// motion a hurt player is sent), so the packet carries neither.
     pub(super) fn lan_explode(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         center: [f64; 3],
         small: bool,
         radius: f32,
         block_count: usize,
     ) {
+        // In a guest's turn (their hit on an end crystal or a minecart) the
+        // host holds the players (`as_guest`): the packet waits for the turn
+        // to end so that it reaches every player, the guest too.
+        if self.lan_acting.is_some() && self.lan.is_none() {
+            self.creatures
+                .lan_explosions
+                .push((center, small, radius, block_count));
+            return;
+        }
         let emitter = if small {
             "minecraft:explosion"
         } else {
@@ -341,6 +411,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// The explosions guests' turns put off.
+    pub(super) fn flush_lan_explosions(&mut self) {
+        for (center, small, radius, block_count) in
+            std::mem::take(&mut self.creatures.lan_explosions)
+        {
+            self.lan_explode(center, small, radius, block_count);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// A wind charge's burst (`AbstractWindCharge.explode`): gust emitters,
     /// no block particles, and for each player it pushed the push
     /// (`ServerExplosion.hitPlayers`), which only that client applies, as
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_pvp.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_pvp.rs
index 65520221a..aa969305f 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_pvp.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_pvp.rs
@@ -86,9 +86,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         };
         if let Some(strike) = self.pvp_strike()
             && self.pvp_land(&mut host, Victim::Guest(conn), &strike)
-            && strike.stops_sprint()
         {
-            self.stop_sprint_after_extra_knockback();
+            self.pvp_exhaustion();
+            if strike.stops_sprint() {
+                self.stop_sprint_after_extra_knockback();
+            }
         }
         self.lan = Some(host);
         true
@@ -106,8 +108,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             .map(|g| Victim::Guest(g.conn))
     }
 
+    /// `Player.attack`'s `causeFoodExhaustion(0.1F)`, charged to the attacker
+    /// (the host, or a guest swapped in) only once the hit hurt the victim.
+    pub(super) fn pvp_exhaustion(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut()
+            && !self.creative
+        {
+            p.cause_food_exhaustion(0.1);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// The attacker's side of `Player.attack` (the host, or a guest swapped
-    /// in): the damage, the charge reset, the exhaustion and the swing.
+    /// in): the damage, the charge reset and the swing.
     pub(super) fn pvp_strike(&mut self) -> Option<Strike> {
         let p = self.player.as_ref()?;
         let from = [p.position.x, p.position.y, p.position.z];
@@ -116,11 +128,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let (strength, knockback_attack) = self.extra_knockback("minecraft:player", scale);
         let (xd, zd) = self.extra_knockback_direction();
         self.attack_ticks = 0;
-        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut()
-            && !self.creative
-        {
-            p.cause_food_exhaustion(0.1);
-        }
         self.swing_arm();
         Some(Strike {
             attacker: self.lan_acting,
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_trading.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_trading.rs
index 7beeeba2f..0177a24b1 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_trading.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_trading.rs
@@ -277,7 +277,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             g.carried = menu.carried.take();
         }
         self.register_exploration_maps(made);
-        gm.merchant.session = self.merchant_apply(session, gm.merchant.mob);
+        let (session, traded) = self.merchant_apply(session, gm.merchant.mob);
+        gm.merchant.session = session;
+        if !traded.is_empty() {
+            // The guest's own statistic and advancements.
+            self.as_guest(host, conn, |g| g.merchant_traded(gm.merchant.mob, &traded));
+        }
         self.drop_guest_items(host, gi, dropped);
         self.lan_send_offers(host, conn, &mut gm, false);
         self.lan_send_merchant_content(host, conn, &mut gm);
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/level_particles.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/level_particles.rs
index dc815a39f..8a5c0bed8 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/level_particles.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/level_particles.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 //! Level events whose client handler (`LevelEventHandler`) spawns particles
 //! on a block: bone meal's growth (1505), dragon egg teleportation (2015), a
 //! consumable's teleport (2017), electric sparks (3002), waxing (3003), wax
-//! off (3004) and scraping (3005).
+//! off (3004) and scraping (3005), plus the smoke, drips, egg and dragon
+//! fireball particles of 1501, 1502, 1504, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 3009.
 use super::Game;
 use horizon_client::items::ItemStack;
 use horizon_client::particles::{self, ParticleOptions, ParticleType};
-use horizon_core::{position::BlockPos, random::RandomSource};
+use horizon_core::{geometry::trig, position::BlockPos, random::RandomSource};
 use horizon_world::level::LevelEvent;
+use horizon_world::registry::BlockStateId;
 
 impl Game<'_> {
     pub(super) fn dragon_egg_particles(&mut self, pos: [i32; 3], data: i32) {
@@ -72,24 +74,42 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 } else {
                     // ParticleUtils.spawnParticleInBlock: up to the
                     // block's shape (a full block when air).
-                    let inside = self.world.block(at[0], at[1], at[2]);
-                    let height = if facts.is_air(inside) {
-                        1.0
-                    } else {
-                        facts
-                            .get(inside)
-                            .outline
-                            .iter()
-                            .map(|b| b[4])
-                            .fold(0.0, f64::max)
-                    };
-                    (at, count, 0.5, height, true)
+                    (at, count, 0.5, self.block_shape_top(at), true)
                 }
             }
             None if &*facts.get(state).name == "minecraft:water" => (p, count * 3, 3.0, 1.0, false),
             None => return,
         };
-        let options = ParticleOptions::simple(ParticleType::HappyVillager);
+        self.spawn_particles(at, count, xz, height, floating, ParticleType::HappyVillager);
+    }
+    /// `BlockState.getShape(..).max(Y)` of the block at `at`, 1.0 for air.
+    fn block_shape_top(&self, at: [i32; 3]) -> f64 {
+        let facts = self.res.facts();
+        let inside = self.world.block(at[0], at[1], at[2]);
+        if facts.is_air(inside) {
+            1.0
+        } else {
+            facts
+                .get(inside)
+                .outline
+                .iter()
+                .map(|b| b[4])
+                .fold(0.0, f64::max)
+        }
+    }
+    /// `ParticleUtils.spawnParticles`: `count` slow particles spread over
+    /// `xz` blocks around `at` and `height` up, only above solid ground
+    /// unless floating ones are allowed.
+    fn spawn_particles(
+        &mut self,
+        at: [i32; 3],
+        count: i32,
+        xz: f64,
+        height: f64,
+        floating: bool,
+        ty: ParticleType,
+    ) {
+        let options = ParticleOptions::simple(ty);
         for _ in 0..count.max(0) {
             let r = self.particles.level_random();
             let v = [0.0; 3].map(|_: f64| r.next_gaussian() * 0.02);
@@ -108,6 +128,161 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
         }
     }
+    /// `LevelEventHandler` 2012 (a turtle egg laid on sand):
+    /// `ParticleUtils.spawnParticleInBlock` with happy villager sparks.
+    pub(super) fn turtle_egg_particles(&mut self, pos: BlockPos, count: i32) {
+        let at = [pos.x, pos.y, pos.z];
+        let height = self.block_shape_top(at);
+        self.spawn_particles(at, count, 0.5, height, true, ParticleType::HappyVillager);
+    }
+    /// `LevelEventHandler` 3009 (a sniffer egg cracking on moss):
+    /// `spawnParticlesOnBlockFaces(.., EGG_CRACK, UniformInt.of(3, 6))`.
+    pub(super) fn sniffer_egg_crack_particles(&mut self, pos: BlockPos) {
+        let mut spawned = Vec::new();
+        particles::on_block_faces_between(
+            self.particles.level_random(),
+            [pos.x, pos.y, pos.z],
+            3,
+            6,
+            |p, v| spawned.push((p, v)),
+        );
+        let options = ParticleOptions::simple(ParticleType::EggCrack);
+        for (p, v) in spawned {
+            self.particles.add(&options, p, v);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `LevelEventHandler` 1501 (lava put out) and 2009 (a wet sponge dried):
+    /// eight puffs just above the block, drawn after the sound.
+    pub(super) fn puffs_above_block(&mut self, pos: BlockPos, ty: ParticleType) {
+        let options = ParticleOptions::simple(ty);
+        for _ in 0..8 {
+            let r = self.particles.level_random();
+            let x = f64::from(pos.x) + r.next_double();
+            let z = f64::from(pos.z) + r.next_double();
+            self.particles
+                .add(&options, [x, f64::from(pos.y) + 1.2, z], [0.0; 3]);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `LevelEventHandler` 1502 (a redstone torch burning out): five smoke
+    /// puffs inside the block, drawn after the sound.
+    pub(super) fn torch_burnout_smoke(&mut self, pos: BlockPos) {
+        let options = ParticleOptions::simple(ParticleType::Smoke);
+        for _ in 0..5 {
+            let r = self.particles.level_random();
+            let x = f64::from(pos.x) + r.next_double() * 0.6 + 0.2;
+            let y = f64::from(pos.y) + r.next_double() * 0.6 + 0.2;
+            let z = f64::from(pos.z) + r.next_double() * 0.6 + 0.2;
+            self.particles.add(&options, [x, y, z], [0.0; 3]);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `LevelEventHandler` 2006 (`DragonFireball.onHit`): 200 dragon breath
+    /// particles thrown outwards, then the explosion sound when `data` is 1.
+    pub(super) fn dragon_fireball_burst(&mut self, pos: BlockPos, data: i32) {
+        for _ in 0..200 {
+            let r = self.particles.level_random();
+            let dist = r.next_float() * 4.0;
+            let angle = r.next_float() * std::f32::consts::TAU;
+            let vx = f64::from(trig::cos(f64::from(angle)) * dist);
+            let vy = 0.01 + r.next_double() * 0.5;
+            let vz = f64::from(trig::sin(f64::from(angle)) * dist);
+            let options = ParticleOptions {
+                scale: dist,
+                ..ParticleOptions::simple(ParticleType::DragonBreath)
+            };
+            self.particles.add(
+                &options,
+                [
+                    f64::from(pos.x) + vx * 0.1,
+                    f64::from(pos.y) + 0.3,
+                    f64::from(pos.z) + vz * 0.1,
+                ],
+                [vx, vy, vz],
+            );
+        }
+        if data == 1 {
+            let at = [pos.x, pos.y, pos.z].map(|v| f64::from(v) + 0.5);
+            let pitch = self.world.random.next_float() * 0.1 + 0.9;
+            self.audio.play(
+                "minecraft:entity.dragon_fireball.explode",
+                Some(at),
+                1.0,
+                pitch,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /// `SpeleothemBlock.isStalactite`: a speleothem whose tip points down.
+    fn is_stalactite(&self, state: BlockStateId) -> bool {
+        self.res.facts().get(state).has_class("SpeleothemBlock")
+            && self
+                .pack
+                .assets
+                .registry
+                .state(state)
+                .and_then(|s| s.properties.get("vertical_direction"))
+                .is_some_and(|d| d == "down")
+    }
+    /// `LevelEventHandler` 1504: `PointedDripstoneBlock.spawnDripParticle` at
+    /// the tip `pos`. The fluid above the stalactite's root picks the drip;
+    /// with none, the dimension's default (lava in the Nether).
+    pub(super) fn dripstone_drip_particle(&mut self, pos: BlockPos) {
+        let tip_state = self.world.block(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
+        if !self.is_stalactite(tip_state) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // findRootBlock: up through the same stalactite, at most 11 steps.
+        let tip_name = self.res.facts().get(tip_state).name.clone();
+        let mut root = None;
+        for step in 1..11 {
+            let y = pos.y + step;
+            if !(horizon_client::chunk::MIN_Y
+                ..horizon_client::chunk::MIN_Y + horizon_client::chunk::HEIGHT)
+                .contains(&y)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            let state = self.world.block(pos.x, y, pos.z);
+            if self.res.facts().get(state).name != tip_name {
+                root = Some(y);
+                break;
+            }
+            if !self.is_stalactite(state) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        let Some(root_y) = root else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let above = self.world.block(pos.x, root_y + 1, pos.z);
+        let above_facts = self.res.facts().get(above);
+        let nether = self.dim == super::Dim::Nether;
+        let fluid = if &*above_facts.name == "minecraft:mud" && !nether {
+            horizon_client::blocks::Fluid::Water
+        } else {
+            above_facts.fluid
+        };
+        let ty = match fluid {
+            horizon_client::blocks::Fluid::Water => ParticleType::DrippingDripstoneWater,
+            horizon_client::blocks::Fluid::Lava => ParticleType::DrippingDripstoneLava,
+            horizon_client::blocks::Fluid::None if nether => ParticleType::DrippingDripstoneLava,
+            horizon_client::blocks::Fluid::None => ParticleType::DrippingDripstoneWater,
+        };
+        let offset = self
+            .pack
+            .context
+            .tables
+            .offset(tip_state, pos.x, pos.z)
+            .unwrap_or([0.0; 3]);
+        // The tip shape starts 5/16 up; the particle sits a pixel below that.
+        self.particles.add(
+            &ParticleOptions::simple(ty),
+            [
+                f64::from(pos.x) + 0.5 + offset[0],
+                f64::from(pos.y) + 5.0 / 16.0 - 0.0625,
+                f64::from(pos.z) + 0.5 + offset[2],
+            ],
+            [0.0; 3],
+        );
+    }
     /// `ServerLevel.globalLevelEvent`: heard by every player on the server
     /// (an end portal opening, the dragon's death roar): here, and sent to
     /// every guest whatever their dimension.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lightning.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lightning.rs
index 8a3ac2745..0224f67e3 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lightning.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/lightning.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub(super) struct Bolt {
     flashes: i32,
     seed: i64,
     visual_only: bool,
-    /// Mooshrooms switch colour once per bolt.
+    /// Mooshrooms and copper golems change once per bolt.
     converted: Vec<u32>,
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
@@ -393,6 +393,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     continue;
                 }
                 Species::Creeper => m.extra.charged = true,
+                // CopperGolem.thunderHit (after Entity.thunderHit's fire and
+                // damage): once per bolt, an oxidized golem goes back one step
+                // and its weathering timer (or wax, -2) is reset to -1.
+                Species::CopperGolem if !b.converted.contains(&m.id) => {
+                    b.converted.push(m.id);
+                    if m.extra.variant > 0 {
+                        m.extra.vector[0] = -1.0;
+                        m.extra.variant =
+                            horizon_client::mobs::copper_golem::weather_previous(m.extra.variant);
+                    }
+                }
                 _ => {}
             }
             // Entity.thunderHit: burning (8 seconds) and 5 lightning damage.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/minecarts.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/minecarts.rs
index 2ef4b8e8e..01a7c9497 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/minecarts.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/minecarts.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use horizon_client::{
     blocks::Fluid,
     collisions::SceneCollisions,
     containers::BlockEntity,
-    items::ItemStack,
+    items::{ItemStack, Items},
     mesher::Vertex,
     mobs::{Part, anim::Poses},
     particles::{ParticleOptions, ParticleType},
@@ -201,6 +201,17 @@ impl Minecart {
     fn horizontal(&self) -> f64 {
         self.velocity.x.hypot(self.velocity.z)
     }
+    /// `AbstractContainerMenu.getRedstoneSignalFromContainer` of `slots`.
+    fn container_signal(slots: &[Option<ItemStack>], items: &Items) -> i32 {
+        let mut total = 0.0f32;
+        for s in slots.iter().flatten() {
+            let max = items.get(&s.item).map_or(64, |i| i.max_stack).min(64);
+            total += s.count as f32 / max as f32;
+        }
+        total /= slots.len().max(1) as f32;
+        // Mth.lerpDiscrete(total, 0, 15)
+        (total * 14.0).floor() as i32 + i32::from(total > 0.0)
+    }
 }
 pub(super) struct CartModels {
     pub models: HashMap<CartKind, Part>,
@@ -945,7 +956,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         true
     }
-    /// `getDismountLocationForPassenger`: beside the cart (across its motion), else on top.
+    /// `getDismountLocationForPassenger`: beside the cart (across its facing), else on top.
     pub(super) fn dismount_cart(&mut self, i: usize) {
         self.riding = None;
         let c = &self.carts[i];
@@ -955,17 +966,25 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             c.position.z.floor() as i32,
         );
         let mut target = None;
+        // DismountHelper.offsetsForDirection of the cart's facing
+        // (Direction.fromYRot of its yaw): right, left, back right, back left,
+        // forward right, forward left, back, forward.
+        let step = |q: i32| [(0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)][(q & 3) as usize];
+        let facing = (f64::from(c.yaw) / 90.0 + 0.5).floor() as i32;
+        let (fx, fz) = step(facing);
+        let (rx, rz) = (-fz, fx);
+        let offsets = [
+            (rx, rz),
+            (-rx, -rz),
+            (rx - fx, rz - fz),
+            (-rx - fx, -rz - fz),
+            (fx + rx, fz + rz),
+            (fx - rx, fz - rz),
+            (-fx, -fz),
+            (fx, fz),
+        ];
         'search: for dy in [0, 1, -1] {
-            for (dx, dz) in [
-                (1, 0),
-                (-1, 0),
-                (0, 1),
-                (0, -1),
-                (1, 1),
-                (-1, -1),
-                (1, -1),
-                (-1, 1),
-            ] {
+            for (dx, dz) in offsets {
                 let (x, y, z) = (bx + dx, by + dy, bz + dz);
                 let below = self.res.facts().get(self.world.block(x, y - 1, z));
                 let here = self.res.facts().get(self.world.block(x, y, z));
@@ -1049,6 +1068,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         best
     }
+    /// Each cart's kind and comparator signal, for the detector rail
+    /// (`DetectorRailBlock.getAnalogOutputSignal`). A cart whose menu is open
+    /// counts the items in that menu.
+    pub(super) fn cart_signals(&self) -> Vec<(CartKind, i32)> {
+        self.carts
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| {
+                let key = (i32::MAX - 15, CART_KEY_Y, c.id as i32);
+                let slots = match self.world.block_entities.get(&key) {
+                    Some(BlockEntity::Chest(open)) => open,
+                    _ => &c.items,
+                };
+                (c.kind, Minecart::container_signal(slots, self.res.items()))
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
     /// `interact`: ride, open, fuel or ignite the cart under the crosshair.
     pub(super) fn interact_cart(&mut self) -> bool {
         let Some((i, d)) = self.cart_hit() else {
@@ -1066,10 +1101,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 }
                 self.riding = Some(self.carts[i].id);
             }
+            // AbstractMinecartContainer.interact: no sneak check.
             CartKind::Chest | CartKind::Hopper => {
-                if sneaking {
-                    return false;
-                }
                 let c = self.carts[i].clone();
                 let key = (i32::MAX - 15, CART_KEY_Y, c.id as i32);
                 self.world
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/packs.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/packs.rs
index 89d7738f8..013b94de2 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/packs.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/packs.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
 //! Resource pack selection bound to the game: the pack screen lists, and a
 //! full resource reload after a change, while playing.
-use super::Game;
+use super::{
+    Game, PackResources, Resources, UiResources, build_renderer, prepare_renderer_textures,
+};
 use horizon_client::{
+    assets::Assets,
+    gfx::PreparedTextures,
     hud::HudAtlas,
     lang,
     pack_screen::{self, Compat, PackInfo, Source as PackSource},
     packs::{self, Pack, Position},
+    streaming::WorkerContext,
     text::{Style, Text},
 };
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeSet,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 /// Where overlay roots are built (beside options.txt).
 pub fn cache_dir() -> PathBuf {
@@ -98,7 +107,7 @@ pub(super) fn pack_infos(vanilla: &Path) -> Vec<PackInfo> {
     infos
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
-    fn vanilla_root(&self) -> PathBuf {
+    pub(super) fn vanilla_root(&self) -> PathBuf {
         if self.ui.vanilla_root.as_os_str().is_empty() {
             self.options.resources.clone()
         } else {
@@ -138,35 +147,36 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.ui.options.resource_error = Some(e.to_string());
         }
     }
-    /// Reload from the selected packs and the server's.
-    pub(super) fn reload_selected_packs(&mut self) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
+    /// The CPU half of the reload, safe on a worker (`PackReload` runs it):
+    /// `apply_staged_pack` finishes the GPU half and the swap.
+    pub(super) fn stage_selected_packs(&mut self) -> horizon_client::Result<StagedPack> {
         let vanilla = self.vanilla_root();
         if self.ui.vanilla_root.as_os_str().is_empty() {
             self.ui.vanilla_root = vanilla.clone();
         }
-        let server = &self.server_packs.active;
-        let root = startup_root(&vanilla, &self.settings.resource_packs, server)?;
-        let root =
-            super::mods::content_root(&root, &self.settings.mods.enabled, &self.options.dev_mods);
-        self.reload_resources(&root)
+        stage_pack(
+            &vanilla,
+            &self.settings.resource_packs,
+            &self.server_packs.active,
+            &self.settings.mods.enabled,
+            &self.options.dev_mods,
+            &self.pack.assets,
+            &self.res,
+            &self.pack.context,
+            self.settings.force_unicode,
+            self.settings.japanese_glyphs,
+            &super::Progress::new(),
+        )
     }
-    fn reload_resources(&mut self, root: &Path) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
-        let render = std::sync::Arc::new(self.pack.assets.reload(root)?);
-        let mut atlas = HudAtlas::build_over(root, &self.vanilla_root())?;
-        atlas.font.uniform = self.settings.force_unicode;
-        atlas.font.japanese = self.settings.japanese_glyphs;
-        let gui = super::UiResources {
-            atlas,
-            panorama: std::sync::Arc::new(horizon_client::gfx::panorama::Faces::load(root)),
-        };
-        let pack = super::PackResources::load(
+    /// The render-thread half: the renderer on the new pack's textures, then
+    /// the swap (`ReloadInstance`'s application listeners).
+    pub(super) fn apply_staged_pack(&mut self, staged: StagedPack) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
+        let StagedPack {
             root,
-            self.pack.assets.clone(),
-            render,
-            self.res.facts(),
-            self.pack.context.biomes.clone(),
-            self.pack.context.light.clone(),
-        )?;
+            gui,
+            pack,
+            textures,
+        } = staged;
         // Keep the working GPU resources, and hand its window surface over.
         if let Some(renderer) = &mut self.renderer {
             renderer.release_surface();
@@ -174,7 +184,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let renderer = match self
             .window
             .clone()
-            .map(|window| self.renderer_for(window, &pack, &gui))
+            .map(|window| {
+                build_renderer(
+                    window,
+                    self.options.offscreen,
+                    &pack,
+                    &gui,
+                    self.renderer.as_ref(),
+                    Some(textures),
+                    self.settings.horizon.api,
+                )
+            })
             .transpose()
         {
             Ok(renderer) => renderer,
@@ -190,18 +210,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
         };
         // Everything loaded: switch over.
-        self.waypoint_styles = horizon_client::locator_bar::WaypointStyles::load(root);
-        self.armor_stand_assets.reload_trims(root);
+        self.waypoint_styles = horizon_client::locator_bar::WaypointStyles::load(&root);
+        self.armor_stand_assets.reload_trims(&root);
         self.random_tick_sections.clear();
         self.portals.sections.clear();
-        self.options.resources = root.to_path_buf();
+        self.options.resources = root.clone();
         let context = pack.context.clone();
         self.pack = pack;
         self.gui = gui;
         // The atlas's sprites moved: the particle engine re-reads every rect
         // and the packs' sprite sets, or every particle draws a stale region.
         self.particles
-            .reload(root, &self.gui.atlas.sprites, &self.gui.atlas.translucent);
+            .reload(&root, &self.gui.atlas.sprites, &self.gui.atlas.translucent);
         horizon_client::ui_theme::reset_atlas();
         // Villager hats come from the pack's texture metadata (shared data, swapped in place).
         *self
@@ -210,11 +230,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             .villager_hats
             .write()
             .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner) =
-            horizon_client::mobs::villager_hats::VillagerHats::load(root);
-        horizon_client::ui::load_metadata(root);
-        lang::set(lang::Language::load(&[&root.to_path_buf()], &lang::code()));
+            horizon_client::mobs::villager_hats::VillagerHats::load(&root);
+        horizon_client::ui::load_metadata(&root);
+        lang::set(lang::Language::load(&[&root], &lang::code()));
         self.refresh_remote_language();
-        self.audio.reload(root);
+        self.audio.reload(&root);
         self.clear_lod();
         self.streaming.reload_resources(&mut self.world, context);
         self.pending_uploads.clear();
@@ -229,4 +249,66 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.creative_screen.forget_items();
         Ok(())
     }
+    /// `Minecraft.reloadResourcePacks`: the reload staged on the spot, then
+    /// applied (`PackReload` runs the same two phases across frames).
+    pub(super) fn reload_selected_packs(&mut self) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
+        let staged = self.stage_selected_packs()?;
+        self.apply_staged_pack(staged)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The CPU half of `reload_selected_packs` (`PackReload` runs it on a
+/// worker; `apply_staged_pack` does the GPU half and the swap): the overlay
+/// root, the models and sprites, the menu bundle, the pack's tables and its
+/// CPU mip chains.
+pub(super) fn stage_pack(
+    vanilla_root: &Path,
+    selected: &[String],
+    server: &[Pack],
+    mods_enabled: &BTreeSet<String>,
+    dev_mods: &[PathBuf],
+    assets: &Arc<Assets>,
+    res: &Resources,
+    context: &WorkerContext,
+    force_unicode: bool,
+    japanese: bool,
+    progress: &super::Progress,
+) -> horizon_client::Result<StagedPack> {
+    let root = startup_root(vanilla_root, selected, server)?;
+    let root = super::mods::content_root(&root, mods_enabled, dev_mods);
+    progress.set(1);
+    let render = Arc::new(assets.reload(&root)?);
+    let mut atlas = HudAtlas::build_over(&root, vanilla_root)?;
+    atlas.font.uniform = force_unicode;
+    atlas.font.japanese = japanese;
+    let gui = UiResources {
+        atlas,
+        panorama: Arc::new(horizon_client::gfx::panorama::Faces::load(&root)),
+    };
+    progress.set(2);
+    let pack = PackResources::load(
+        &root,
+        assets.clone(),
+        render,
+        res.facts(),
+        context.biomes.clone(),
+        context.light.clone(),
+    )?;
+    let textures = prepare_renderer_textures(&pack);
+    progress.set(3);
+    Ok(StagedPack {
+        root,
+        gui,
+        pack,
+        textures,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Everything a pack reload builds on the CPU (`apply_staged_pack` finishes
+/// it on the render thread).
+pub(super) struct StagedPack {
+    pub root: PathBuf,
+    pub gui: UiResources,
+    pub pack: PackResources,
+    pub textures: PreparedTextures,
 }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/perspective.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/perspective.rs
index caf49883b..2d5c6b05c 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/perspective.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/perspective.rs
@@ -218,11 +218,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 _ => None,
             })
         });
-        // A living mount at the default scale and camera distance.
+        // Camera.setup: the living mount's scale and camera distance
+        // attributes (the happy ghast's is 8, the default 4).
         let mount = self
             .riding
             .and_then(|id| self.mobs.iter().find(|m| m.id == id))
-            .map(|_| (1.0, 4.0));
+            .map(|m| {
+                let attribute = |name: &str, default: f64| {
+                    m.kind.attributes.get(name).copied().unwrap_or(default)
+                };
+                (
+                    attribute("minecraft:scale", 1.0) as f32,
+                    attribute("minecraft:camera_distance", 4.0),
+                )
+            });
         // AbstractBoat.positionRider turns a passenger by the boat's
         // deltaRotation after its yRotO was saved, and LocalPlayer.getViewYRot
         // interpolates a passenger's yaw: the boat's turn is spread over the
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/potions.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/potions.rs
index 5e4c70172..a87a15254 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/potions.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/potions.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 //! `Consumable`), throwing splash/lingering potions (`ThrownSplashPotion`),
 //! filling glass bottles (`BottleItem`), the per-tick effect application,
 //! effect attribute modifiers and the HUD effect icons (`Hud.extractEffects`).
-use super::{Game, Screen, item_draw::owner_at};
+use super::{
+    Game, Screen,
+    dragon::{Breath, FightPlayer, FightWho},
+    item_draw::owner_at,
+    remote_projectiles::cloud_client_tick,
+};
 use horizon_assets::item_model::DisplayContext;
 use horizon_client::{
     block_entity_render::vertex_light,
@@ -12,9 +17,13 @@ use horizon_client::{
     hud_layout, hud_overlays, inventory_effects,
     items::ItemStack,
     mesher::Vertex,
+    particles::{ParticleOptions, ParticleType},
     text::Text,
 };
-use horizon_core::{geometry::Vec3, random::RandomSource};
+use horizon_core::{
+    geometry::{Aabb, Vec3},
+    random::RandomSource,
+};
 
 /// A thrown splash or lingering potion in flight.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -31,6 +40,35 @@ pub(super) struct ThrownPotion {
     /// for a dispenser's).
     owner: Option<Text>,
 }
+/// `AreaEffectCloud` wait time set by `ThrownLingeringPotion.onHitAsPotion`.
+pub(super) const LINGERING_WAIT: i32 = 10;
+/// `AreaEffectCloud.DEFAULT_REAPPLICATION_DELAY`.
+const REAPPLICATION_DELAY: i32 = 20;
+/// An entity a cloud has affected (`AreaEffectCloud.victims`).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+enum Victim {
+    Mob(u32),
+    Player(FightWho),
+}
+/// What a lingering potion's `AreaEffectCloud` applies: the potion's effects
+/// (at the lingering item's 0.25 duration scale) and who it has affected.
+pub(super) struct PotionCloud {
+    effects: &'static [(&'static str, i32, i32)],
+    /// The potion's colour (`PotionContents.getColor`).
+    color: u32,
+    /// Each victim and the tick it can be affected again.
+    victims: Vec<(Victim, i32)>,
+    /// Who its instant damage names (`indirectMagic(cloud, owner)`): the
+    /// thrower, else the cloud.
+    source: Text,
+}
+impl PotionCloud {
+    /// `AreaEffectCloud.updateParticle`: an entity effect in the potion's colour.
+    pub(super) fn particle(&self) -> ParticleOptions {
+        let c = |shift: u32| (self.color >> shift & 255) as f32 / 255.0;
+        ParticleOptions::colored(ParticleType::EntityEffect, [c(16), c(8), c(0), 1.0])
+    }
+}
 /// A mob's effect ids carry the `minecraft:` namespace.
 fn mob_effect_id(id: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
     use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::OnceLock};
@@ -48,6 +86,39 @@ fn mob_effect_id(id: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
     .get(id)
     .copied()
 }
+/// `LivingEntity.canBeAffected` with the mob overrides (`WitherBoss` and
+/// `WitherSkeleton` shrug off wither, `Spider` and `AbstractNautilus` poison,
+/// `Parched` weakness): the immune-to-infested and immune-to-oozing tags
+/// decide first, then the tag of mobs that ignore poison and regeneration.
+fn mob_can_be_affected(
+    tags: &std::collections::HashMap<String, std::collections::HashSet<String>>,
+    kind: &str,
+    effect: &str,
+) -> bool {
+    let effect = effect.trim_start_matches("minecraft:");
+    let kind = kind.trim_start_matches("minecraft:");
+    let overridden = match kind {
+        "wither" | "wither_skeleton" => effect == "wither",
+        "spider" | "cave_spider" | "nautilus" | "zombie_nautilus" => effect == "poison",
+        "parched" => effect == "weakness",
+        _ => false,
+    };
+    if overridden {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let in_tag = |tag: &str| {
+        tags.get(tag)
+            .is_some_and(|t| t.contains(&format!("minecraft:{kind}")))
+    };
+    if in_tag("minecraft:immune_to_infested") {
+        effect != "infested"
+    } else if in_tag("minecraft:immune_to_oozing") {
+        effect != "oozing"
+    } else {
+        !in_tag("minecraft:ignores_poison_and_regen")
+            || (effect != "regeneration" && effect != "poison")
+    }
+}
 impl Game<'_> {
     /// A splash potion, lingering potion or experience bottle in flight (the
     /// player's throws and dispensers both end up here).
@@ -391,6 +462,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.tick_mob_effects();
         if running {
             self.tick_thrown_potions();
+            self.tick_potion_clouds();
         }
     }
     /// `LivingEntity.tickEffects` (server side) for `self.player`, the local
@@ -406,8 +478,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         // The omens act from inside the effect tick (BadOmenMobEffect,
         // RaidOmenMobEffect).
+        let absorption_empty = player.health.absorption() <= 0.0;
         let mut effects = std::mem::take(&mut self.potions.effects);
-        let (actions, raid_omen_added) = effects.tick_with(&mut |e| self.omen_tick(e));
+        let (actions, raid_omen_added) =
+            effects.tick_with(&mut |e| self.omen_tick(e), absorption_empty);
         self.potions.effects = effects;
         if raid_omen_added {
             self.raid_omen_added();
@@ -548,29 +622,176 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 let state =
                     self.world
                         .block(p.x.floor() as i32, p.y.floor() as i32, p.z.floor() as i32);
-                if self.res.facts().get(state).full_collision
-                    || self.mobs.iter().any(|m| {
-                        m.alive()
-                            && (m.position.x - p.x).abs() < m.kind.width / 2.0 + 0.125
-                            && (m.position.z - p.z).abs() < m.kind.width / 2.0 + 0.125
-                            && p.y >= m.position.y
-                            && p.y <= m.position.y + m.kind.height
-                    })
-                {
-                    hit = Some(p);
+                let mob = self.mobs.iter().find(|m| {
+                    m.alive()
+                        && (m.position.x - p.x).abs() < m.kind.width / 2.0 + 0.125
+                        && (m.position.z - p.z).abs() < m.kind.width / 2.0 + 0.125
+                        && p.y >= m.position.y
+                        && p.y <= m.position.y + m.kind.height
+                });
+                if self.res.facts().get(state).full_collision || mob.is_some() {
+                    hit = Some((p, mob.map(|m| m.position)));
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if let Some(p) = hit {
-                landed.push((t.stack.clone(), p, t.owner.clone()));
+            if let Some((p, mob)) = hit {
+                landed.push((t.stack.clone(), p, mob, t.owner.clone()));
                 return false;
             }
             t.position = next;
             t.age < 1200 && t.position.y > -128.0
         });
         self.potions.thrown = thrown;
-        for (stack, at, owner) in landed {
-            self.splash(&stack, at, owner);
+        for (stack, at, mob, owner) in landed {
+            self.splash(&stack, at, mob, owner);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `AreaEffectCloud.tick` for the lingering potions' clouds: the client
+    /// tick's particles, then the server tick.
+    fn tick_potion_clouds(&mut self) {
+        if self.breath_clouds.iter().all(|c| c.potion.is_none()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let players: Vec<FightPlayer> = self
+            .fight_players()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|p| p.alive)
+            .collect();
+        let mut clouds = std::mem::take(&mut self.breath_clouds);
+        clouds.retain_mut(|c| c.potion.is_none() || self.tick_potion_cloud(c, &players));
+        self.breath_clouds.append(&mut clouds);
+    }
+    /// `AreaEffectCloud.serverTick` for a lingering potion's cloud: after its
+    /// wait it shrinks, and every 5 ticks it affects the living entities in
+    /// its box and radius that were not affected in the last 20 ticks, each
+    /// taking some of its radius. False once it is gone.
+    fn tick_potion_cloud(&mut self, c: &mut Breath, players: &[FightPlayer]) -> bool {
+        c.age += 1;
+        let Some(potion) = c.potion.as_mut() else {
+            return true;
+        };
+        if c.age - LINGERING_WAIT >= c.duration {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let waiting = c.age < LINGERING_WAIT;
+        cloud_client_tick(
+            &mut self.particles,
+            c.at,
+            c.radius,
+            waiting,
+            &potion.particle(),
+        );
+        if waiting {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // setRadiusPerTick(-radius / duration).
+        c.radius += -3.0 / 600.0;
+        if c.radius < 0.5 {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if c.age % 5 != 0 {
+            return true;
+        }
+        potion.victims.retain(|(_, until)| c.age < *until);
+        let r = f64::from(c.radius);
+        let area = Aabb::new(
+            Vec3::new(c.at[0] - r, c.at[1], c.at[2] - r),
+            Vec3::new(c.at[0] + r, c.at[1] + 0.5, c.at[2] + r),
+        );
+        let mut inside = Vec::new();
+        for p in players.iter().filter(|p| p.bounds.intersects(area)) {
+            inside.push((Victim::Player(p.who), p.position.x, p.position.z));
+        }
+        let effects = potion.effects;
+        let tags = &self.res.stations().enchantments.entity_tags;
+        // Only mobs that at least one of the cloud's effects can affect are
+        // taken (`allEffects.stream().anyMatch(entity::canBeAffected)`), so
+        // the others neither become victims nor use up its radius.
+        for m in self.mobs.iter().filter(|m| {
+            m.alive()
+                && m.bounds().intersects(area)
+                && effects
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|(id, ..)| mob_can_be_affected(tags, &m.kind.id, id))
+        }) {
+            inside.push((Victim::Mob(m.id), m.position.x, m.position.z));
+        }
+        for (victim, x, z) in inside {
+            let (dx, dz) = (x - c.at[0], z - c.at[2]);
+            if potion.victims.iter().any(|(v, _)| *v == victim)
+                || dx * dx + dz * dz > f64::from(c.radius * c.radius)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            potion.victims.push((victim, c.age + REAPPLICATION_DELAY));
+            self.cloud_affect(victim, effects, c.at, &potion.source);
+            // setRadiusOnUse(-0.5).
+            c.radius -= 0.5;
+            if c.radius < 0.5 {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+    /// What a cloud puts on one entity: instant effects at half strength
+    /// (`applyInstantaneousEffect` with 0.5), the others for their duration
+    /// at the lingering item's 0.25 scale (`PotionContents.forEachEffect`).
+    fn cloud_affect(
+        &mut self,
+        victim: Victim,
+        effects: &'static [(&'static str, i32, i32)],
+        at: [f64; 3],
+        source: &Text,
+    ) {
+        let scaled = |duration: i32| ((f64::from(duration) * 0.25) as i32).max(1);
+        match victim {
+            Victim::Player(who) => self.as_fight_player(who, |g| {
+                for (id, duration, amp) in effects {
+                    let Some(e) = brewing::effect(id) else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    if e.instant {
+                        if let Some(a) = horizon_client::effects::instant(id, *amp, 0.5) {
+                            g.apply_indirect_effect_action(a, source);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        g.add_player_effect(EffectInstance::new(e.id, scaled(*duration), *amp));
+                    }
+                }
+            }),
+            Victim::Mob(mob) => {
+                let Some(i) = self.mobs.iter().position(|m| m.id == mob) else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                // Undead invert healing and harming.
+                let tags = &self.res.stations().enchantments.entity_tags;
+                let inverted = tags
+                    .get("minecraft:inverted_healing_and_harm")
+                    .is_some_and(|t| t.contains(&self.mobs[i].kind.id));
+                for (id, duration, amp) in effects {
+                    let m = &mut self.mobs[i];
+                    match *id {
+                        "instant_damage" | "instant_health" => {
+                            let amount =
+                                |base: i32| (0.5 * f64::from(base << amp) + 0.5) as i32 as f32;
+                            if (*id == "instant_damage") != inverted {
+                                m.hurt(amount(6), Some(at), &mut self.world.random);
+                            } else {
+                                m.health = (m.health + amount(4)).min(m.kind.max_health);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            // `LivingEntity.addEffect` refuses what the mob
+                            // cannot be affected by.
+                            if mob_can_be_affected(tags, &m.kind.id, id)
+                                && let Some(name) = mob_effect_id(id)
+                            {
+                                m.add_effect(name, scaled(*duration), *amp);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
     /// `ThrowableProjectile.tick`'s `applyGravity` and `applyInertia`, which
@@ -672,12 +893,23 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.submit_item_world(&state, pose, vertex_light(light), out);
         }
     }
+    /// `HealOrHarmMobEffect.applyInstantaneousEffect` with a source (a
+    /// potion or a cloud): indirectMagic, not plain magic.
+    fn apply_indirect_effect_action(&mut self, a: EffectAction, source: &Text) {
+        let a = match a {
+            EffectAction::Hurt("minecraft:magic", amount) => {
+                self.note_direct_entity("minecraft:indirect_magic", source.clone());
+                EffectAction::Hurt("minecraft:indirect_magic", amount)
+            }
+            a => a,
+        };
+        self.apply_effect_action(a);
+    }
     /// A splash potion's effects on the player in place, by their distance.
     fn splash_on_player(
         &mut self,
         effects: &'static [(&'static str, i32, i32)],
         at: Vec3,
-        scale: f64,
         source: &Text,
     ) {
         if let Some(p) = self.player.as_ref() {
@@ -694,22 +926,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     let instant = brewing::effect(id).is_some_and(|e| e.instant);
                     if instant {
                         if let Some(a) = horizon_client::effects::instant(id, *amp, intensity) {
-                            // HealOrHarmMobEffect.applyInstantaneousEffect with
-                            // a source: indirectMagic, not plain magic.
-                            let a = match a {
-                                EffectAction::Hurt("minecraft:magic", amount) => {
-                                    self.note_direct_entity(
-                                        "minecraft:indirect_magic",
-                                        source.clone(),
-                                    );
-                                    EffectAction::Hurt("minecraft:indirect_magic", amount)
-                                }
-                                a => a,
-                            };
-                            self.apply_effect_action(a);
+                            self.apply_indirect_effect_action(a, source);
                         }
                     } else {
-                        let d = (intensity * f64::from(*duration) * scale + 0.5) as i32;
+                        let d = (intensity * f64::from(*duration) + 0.5) as i32;
                         if d > 20
                             && let Some(e) = brewing::effect(id)
                         {
@@ -720,8 +940,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
         }
     }
-    /// `ThrownSplashPotion.onHitAsPotion` (lingering clouds apply as a weaker splash).
-    fn splash(&mut self, stack: &ItemStack, at: Vec3, owner: Option<Text>) {
+    /// `ThrownSplashPotion.onHitAsPotion`, or `ThrownLingeringPotion.onHitAsPotion`
+    /// for a lingering potion; `mob` is where it hit a mob.
+    fn splash(&mut self, stack: &ItemStack, at: Vec3, mob: Option<Vec3>, owner: Option<Text>) {
         let block = [at.x, at.y, at.z].map(|v| v.floor() as i32);
         if &*stack.item == "minecraft:experience_bottle" {
             // ThrownExperienceBottle.onHit: the water-coloured splash (level
@@ -745,23 +966,41 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let color = brewing::potion_color(stack.potion());
         self.level_event_at(if instant { 2007 } else { 2002 }, block, color as i32);
         self.level_event_at(if instant { 1054 } else { 1053 }, block, 0);
-        let scale = if lingering { 0.25 } else { 1.0 };
         let Some(def) = potion else {
             return;
         };
+        if lingering {
+            // The cloud sits at the mob it hit (its feet), else the impact;
+            // radius 3, wait 10, 600 ticks, shrinking to nothing, and a
+            // potion with no effects leaves none.
+            if !def.effects.is_empty() {
+                let at = mob.unwrap_or(at);
+                self.breath_clouds.push(Breath {
+                    id: 0,
+                    at: [at.x, at.y, at.z],
+                    radius: 3.0,
+                    age: 0,
+                    duration: 600,
+                    from_dragon: false,
+                    potion: Some(PotionCloud {
+                        effects: def.effects,
+                        color,
+                        victims: Vec::new(),
+                        source: owner.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                            Text::translate("entity.minecraft.area_effect_cloud", &[])
+                        }),
+                    }),
+                });
+            }
+            return;
+        }
         // Every player in range (`ThrownSplashPotion.applySplash` over
         // `LivingEntity`s, the players among them).
-        // Instant damage is indirectMagic(potion or cloud, owner), which the
-        // death message names by the owner, else by the potion or cloud.
-        let source = owner.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let entity = if lingering {
-                "entity.minecraft.area_effect_cloud"
-            } else {
-                "entity.minecraft.splash_potion"
-            };
-            Text::translate(entity, &[])
-        });
-        self.for_each_player(|g| g.splash_on_player(def.effects, at, scale, &source));
+        // Instant damage is indirectMagic(potion, owner), which the death
+        // message names by the owner, else by the potion.
+        let source =
+            owner.unwrap_or_else(|| Text::translate("entity.minecraft.splash_potion", &[]));
+        self.for_each_player(|g| g.splash_on_player(def.effects, at, &source));
         // Mobs take the instant effects (undead invert healing and harming).
         let undead = &self.res.stations().enchantments.entity_tags;
         let mut hits = Vec::new();
@@ -784,7 +1023,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     _ => {
                         // `Potion.applySplash`: timed effects last in
                         // proportion to how close the mob was.
-                        let d = (intensity * f64::from(*duration) * scale + 0.5) as i32;
+                        let d = (intensity * f64::from(*duration) + 0.5) as i32;
                         if d > 20
                             && let Some(name) = mob_effect_id(id)
                         {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_mob_use.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_mob_use.rs
index 9575cf925..bd38c7301 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_mob_use.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_mob_use.rs
@@ -66,8 +66,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             | Species::Salmon
             | Species::TropicalFish
             | Species::Pufferfish
-            | Species::Axolotl
-            | Species::Tadpole => item == "minecraft:water_bucket",
+            | Species::Axolotl => item == "minecraft:water_bucket",
+            // Tadpole.mobInteract: frog food, else the bucket.
+            Species::Tadpole => {
+                item == "minecraft:water_bucket" || m.kind.food.iter().any(|f| f.as_str() == item)
+            }
             Species::Armadillo => item == "minecraft:brush",
             // ZombieVillager.mobInteract: CONSUME for a golden apple.
             Species::ZombieVillager => item == "minecraft:golden_apple",
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_projectiles.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_projectiles.rs
index 474c85d70..06270e4f0 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_projectiles.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_projectiles.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,58 @@ fn default_cloud_particle() -> ParticleOptions {
     ParticleOptions::colored(ParticleType::EntityEffect, [1.0; 4])
 }
 
+/// `AreaEffectCloud.clientTick`: while waiting, now and then two particles
+/// near the middle; then about one per square block of the disc, drifting
+/// (an entity effect stays still).
+pub(super) fn cloud_client_tick(
+    particles: &mut horizon_client::particles::ParticleEngine,
+    at: [f64; 3],
+    radius: f32,
+    waiting: bool,
+    particle: &ParticleOptions,
+) {
+    if waiting && particles.random().next_boolean() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let (count, spread) = if waiting {
+        (2, 0.2)
+    } else {
+        (
+            (std::f32::consts::PI * radius * radius).ceil() as i32,
+            radius,
+        )
+    };
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let r = particles.random();
+        let angle = r.next_float() * std::f32::consts::TAU;
+        let distance = r.next_float().sqrt() * spread;
+        let at = [
+            at[0] + f64::from(angle.cos() * distance),
+            at[1],
+            at[2] + f64::from(angle.sin() * distance),
+        ];
+        let (options, velocity) = if particle.ty == ParticleType::EntityEffect {
+            let default = waiting && r.next_boolean();
+            let options = if default {
+                default_cloud_particle()
+            } else {
+                particle.clone()
+            };
+            (options, [0.0; 3])
+        } else if waiting {
+            (particle.clone(), [0.0; 3])
+        } else {
+            let v = [
+                (0.5 - r.next_double()) * 0.15,
+                f64::from(0.01f32),
+                (0.5 - r.next_double()) * 0.15,
+            ];
+            (particle.clone(), v)
+        };
+        particles.add(&options, at, velocity);
+    }
+}
+
 /// The projectile a type id names, as Horizon models it.
 fn projectile_kind(kind: &str) -> Option<ProjectileKind> {
     Some(match kind {
@@ -446,52 +498,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// `AreaEffectCloud.clientTick`: while waiting, now and then two
-    /// particles near the middle; then about one per square block of the
-    /// disc, drifting (an entity effect stays still).
+    /// `AreaEffectCloud.clientTick` for each cloud a server tracks.
     fn tick_remote_clouds(&mut self) {
         for c in &self.potions.clouds {
-            let r = self.particles.random();
-            if c.waiting && r.next_boolean() {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let (count, spread) = if c.waiting {
-                (2, 0.2)
-            } else {
-                (
-                    (std::f32::consts::PI * c.radius * c.radius).ceil() as i32,
-                    c.radius,
-                )
-            };
-            for _ in 0..count {
-                let r = self.particles.random();
-                let angle = r.next_float() * std::f32::consts::TAU;
-                let distance = r.next_float().sqrt() * spread;
-                let at = [
-                    c.at[0] + f64::from(angle.cos() * distance),
-                    c.at[1],
-                    c.at[2] + f64::from(angle.sin() * distance),
-                ];
-                let (options, velocity) = if c.particle.ty == ParticleType::EntityEffect {
-                    let default = c.waiting && r.next_boolean();
-                    let options = if default {
-                        default_cloud_particle()
-                    } else {
-                        c.particle.clone()
-                    };
-                    (options, [0.0; 3])
-                } else if c.waiting {
-                    (c.particle.clone(), [0.0; 3])
-                } else {
-                    let v = [
-                        (0.5 - r.next_double()) * 0.15,
-                        f64::from(0.01f32),
-                        (0.5 - r.next_double()) * 0.15,
-                    ];
-                    (c.particle.clone(), v)
-                };
-                self.particles.add(&options, at, velocity);
-            }
+            cloud_client_tick(&mut self.particles, c.at, c.radius, c.waiting, &c.particle);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/server_packs.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/server_packs.rs
index 58d25de0e..d0769b894 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/server_packs.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/server_packs.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //! and `DownloadedPackSource` as `Minecraft` drives it): the prompt, the
 //! server list's setting, downloads into `downloads/`, and a resource reload
 //! with the server's packs on top of the player's own.
-use super::Game;
+use super::{Game, Progress};
 use horizon_client::{
     Result,
     confirm_screen::Confirm,
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ pub(super) struct ServerPackState {
     pub(super) active: Vec<packs::Pack>,
     /// The download batches' notifiers, oldest first.
     notifiers: Vec<PackNotifier>,
+    /// A `tick`-asked reload staged on a worker (`LoadingOverlay`): the
+    /// frame draws its progress until `tick_server_packs` applies it.
+    pub(super) reload: Option<PackReload>,
 }
 /// `DownloadedPackSource.createDownloadNotifier`: one batch's progress in its
 /// own `SystemToast`.
@@ -191,6 +194,21 @@ fn saves() -> PathBuf {
     std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_default().join("saves")
 }
 
+/// `LoadingOverlay`'s stage lines for a pack reload, indexed by `progress`.
+const RELOAD_LINES: [&str; 4] = [
+    "Preparing resources",
+    "Loading assets",
+    "Loading pack tables",
+    "Applying resources",
+];
+/// A pack reload `ServerPacks::tick` asked for: the CPU half runs on a
+/// worker while `progress` feeds the loading screen, then the apply lands
+/// on the render thread.
+pub(super) struct PackReload {
+    pub(super) progress: Progress,
+    handle: std::thread::JoinHandle<std::result::Result<super::packs::StagedPack, String>>,
+}
+
 impl Game<'_> {
     /// `ConnectScreen`: the server's setting decides what its packs do
     /// (`configureForServerControl`); single player's own server takes them
@@ -314,6 +332,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if self.rest_loader.is_some() || self.world_loader.is_some() {
             return;
         }
+        self.drive_pack_reload();
         let finished = self
             .server_packs
             .queue
@@ -328,13 +347,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             if !tick.download.is_empty() {
                 self.start_pack_downloads(tick.download);
             }
-            if let Some(mut load) = tick.reload {
-                while let Some(recovery) = {
-                    let ok = self.reload_server_packs(&load);
-                    self.server_packs.packs.reloaded(ok)
-                } {
-                    load = recovery;
-                }
+            if let Some(load) = tick.reload {
+                self.start_pack_reload(&load);
             }
         }
         for (id, status) in self.server_packs.packs.take_replies() {
@@ -379,24 +393,90 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
     /// `DownloadedPackSource.startReload`: the packs on top of the player's
-    /// own, then `Minecraft.reloadResourcePacks`. False when a pack has no
-    /// readable `pack.mcmeta` or the reload failed.
-    fn reload_server_packs(&mut self, load: &[(u128, PathBuf)]) -> bool {
-        let packs: Option<Vec<_>> = load
+    /// own, staged on a worker (`Minecraft.reloadResourcePacks` under a
+    /// `LoadingOverlay`); `drive_pack_reload` applies it. A pack with no
+    /// readable `pack.mcmeta` fails the reload at once, as `onFailure`.
+    fn start_pack_reload(&mut self, load: &[(u128, PathBuf)]) {
+        let server: Option<Vec<_>> = load
             .iter()
             .map(|(id, path)| packs::server_pack(*id, path))
             .collect();
-        let Some(packs) = packs else {
+        let Some(server) = server else {
             log::warn!("Horizon: invalid pack metadata in a server pack, ignoring all");
-            return false;
+            self.finish_pack_reload(false);
+            return;
         };
-        self.server_packs.active = packs;
-        match self.reload_selected_packs() {
+        self.server_packs.active = server.clone();
+        // The overlay swallows input until the apply (`LoadingOverlay`):
+        // release what is held so nothing keeps acting while it covers the
+        // frame (`KeyMapping.releaseAll` when a screen opens).
+        self.keys.clear();
+        self.physical_keys.clear();
+        self.left = false;
+        self.right = false;
+        let vanilla = self.vanilla_root();
+        if self.ui.vanilla_root.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+            self.ui.vanilla_root = vanilla.clone();
+        }
+        let (selected, mods, dev_mods) = (
+            self.settings.resource_packs.clone(),
+            self.settings.mods.enabled.clone(),
+            self.options.dev_mods.clone(),
+        );
+        let (assets, res, context) = (
+            self.pack.assets.clone(),
+            self.res.clone(),
+            self.pack.context.clone(),
+        );
+        let (unicode, japanese) = (self.settings.force_unicode, self.settings.japanese_glyphs);
+        let progress = Progress::with(&RELOAD_LINES);
+        let worker = progress.clone();
+        let handle = std::thread::Builder::new()
+            .name("server-pack-reload".into())
+            .spawn(move || {
+                super::packs::stage_pack(
+                    &vanilla, &selected, &server, &mods, &dev_mods, &assets, &res, &context,
+                    unicode, japanese, &worker,
+                )
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            });
+        match handle {
+            Ok(handle) => self.server_packs.reload = Some(PackReload { progress, handle }),
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("Horizon: could not start the pack reload worker: {e}");
+                self.finish_pack_reload(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// `PackReloadConfig.Callbacks`: applies the staged reload once its
+    /// worker is done; on failure the packs active before reload again.
+    fn drive_pack_reload(&mut self) {
+        let Some(reload) = &self.server_packs.reload else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if !reload.handle.is_finished() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let reload = self.server_packs.reload.take().unwrap();
+        let staged = reload
+            .handle
+            .join()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| Err("the pack reload worker panicked".into()));
+        let ok = match staged
+            .and_then(|staged| self.apply_staged_pack(staged).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
+        {
             Ok(()) => true,
             Err(e) => {
                 log::warn!("Horizon: server resource pack reload failed: {e}");
                 false
             }
+        };
+        self.finish_pack_reload(ok);
+    }
+    /// `ServerPacks::reloaded` and the recovery reload it can ask for.
+    fn finish_pack_reload(&mut self, ok: bool) {
+        if let Some(recovery) = self.server_packs.packs.reloaded(ok) {
+            self.start_pack_reload(&recovery);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/sign_edit.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/sign_edit.rs
index 2d010f1f5..3d946ce7b 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/sign_edit.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/sign_edit.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use super::{Game, lan::LanHost};
 use horizon_client::{
     containers::BlockEntity,
     hud::{HudBatch, rgba},
-    signs::wood_type,
+    items::ItemStack,
+    signs::{DYE_TEXT, wood_type},
     ui::EditBox,
 };
 use horizon_protocol::packets::play::{self, Clientbound as C, Serverbound as S};
@@ -31,6 +32,157 @@ fn sign_box() -> EditBox {
 }
 
 impl Game<'_> {
+    /// `SignBlockEntity.getSlotPlayerIsFacing`: whether the player stands in
+    /// front of the sign's text (within 90 degrees of its facing).
+    fn facing_sign_front(&self, pos: (i32, i32, i32)) -> bool {
+        let Some(player) = self.player.as_ref() else {
+            return true;
+        };
+        let state = self.world.block(pos.0, pos.1, pos.2);
+        let Some(state) = self.pack.assets.registry.state(state) else {
+            return true;
+        };
+        let prop = |key: &str| state.properties.get(key).map(String::as_str);
+        // getYRotationDegrees: a wall sign's `Direction.toYRot`, a standing or
+        // ceiling sign's rotation segment.
+        let y_rot = if state.name.contains("_wall_") {
+            match prop("facing") {
+                Some("west") => 90.0,
+                Some("north") => 180.0,
+                Some("east") => 270.0,
+                _ => 0.0,
+            }
+        } else {
+            prop("rotation")
+                .and_then(|r| r.parse::<f32>().ok())
+                .unwrap_or(0.0)
+                * 22.5
+        };
+        // getSignHitboxCenterPosition: only a wall sign's board is off-centre,
+        // against the wall it hangs on.
+        let centre = if state.name.ends_with("_wall_sign") {
+            match y_rot as i32 {
+                90 => (0.9375, 0.5),
+                180 => (0.5, 0.9375),
+                270 => (0.0625, 0.5),
+                _ => (0.5, 0.0625),
+            }
+        } else {
+            (0.5, 0.5)
+        };
+        let xd = player.position.x - (f64::from(pos.0) + centre.0);
+        let zd = player.position.z - (f64::from(pos.2) + centre.1);
+        let player_y_rot = (zd.atan2(xd).to_degrees() - 90.0) as f32;
+        // Mth.degreesDifferenceAbs.
+        let diff = (player_y_rot - y_rot).rem_euclid(360.0);
+        let diff = if diff >= 180.0 { 360.0 - diff } else { diff };
+        diff <= 90.0
+    }
+    /// `SignBlock.useWithoutItem` (the block's `OpenMenu` effect): a waxed
+    /// sign plays the failed-interaction sound; otherwise a player who may
+    /// build edits the side they face.
+    pub(super) fn use_sign_empty_hand(&mut self, pos: [i32; 3]) {
+        let key = (pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
+        let Some(BlockEntity::Sign(sign)) = self.world.block_entities.get(&key) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if sign.waxed {
+            // `getSignInteractionFailedSoundEvent`: a hanging sign has its own.
+            let sound = if sign.hanging {
+                "minecraft:block.hanging_sign.waxed_interact_fail"
+            } else {
+                "minecraft:block.sign.waxed_interact_fail"
+            };
+            self.audio
+                .play(sound, Some(pos.map(|v| f64::from(v) + 0.5)), 1.0, 1.0);
+        } else if self.may_build() {
+            let front = self.facing_sign_front(key);
+            self.open_sign_editor(key, front);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `SignBlock.useItemOn` with a `SignApplicator` in hand (dyes, ink sacs,
+    /// honeycomb): the item changes the side the player faces and is used up.
+    /// Whether it did; a sign it does not apply to goes on to the empty hand.
+    pub(super) fn use_sign_applicator(&mut self, pos: [i32; 3], held: Option<&ItemStack>) -> bool {
+        let Some(stack) = held else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let key = (pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
+        let Some(BlockEntity::Sign(sign)) = self.world.block_entities.get(&key) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        if sign.waxed || !self.may_build() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let item = &*stack.item;
+        let dye = if item.ends_with("_dye") {
+            self.res
+                .items()
+                .get(&stack.item)
+                .and_then(|i| i.dye.clone())
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        let colour = dye.and_then(|d| DYE_TEXT.iter().position(|(n, _)| *n == d));
+        if !matches!(
+            item,
+            "minecraft:honeycomb" | "minecraft:glow_ink_sac" | "minecraft:ink_sac"
+        ) && colour.is_none()
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let front = self.facing_sign_front(key);
+        let Some(BlockEntity::Sign(sign)) = self.world.block_entities.get_mut(&key) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let centre = pos.map(|v| f64::from(v) + 0.5);
+        let sound = if item == "minecraft:honeycomb" {
+            // HoneycombItem.tryApplyToSign: waxes any sign, empty or not.
+            sign.waxed = true;
+            "minecraft:item.honeycomb.wax_on"
+        } else {
+            let side = if front {
+                &mut sign.front
+            } else {
+                &mut sign.back
+            };
+            // SignApplicator.canApplyToSign: the side must have text.
+            if side.is_empty() {
+                return false;
+            }
+            match colour {
+                Some(c) if side.color != c as u8 => {
+                    side.color = c as u8;
+                    "minecraft:item.dye.use"
+                }
+                None if item == "minecraft:glow_ink_sac" && !side.glowing => {
+                    side.glowing = true;
+                    "minecraft:item.glow_ink_sac.use"
+                }
+                None if item == "minecraft:ink_sac" && side.glowing => {
+                    side.glowing = false;
+                    "minecraft:item.ink_sac.use"
+                }
+                _ => return false,
+            }
+        };
+        if item == "minecraft:honeycomb" {
+            self.level_event_at(3003, pos, 0);
+        }
+        self.audio.play(sound, Some(centre), 1.0, 1.0);
+        self.mark_block_entity_updated(key);
+        let state = self.world.block(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
+        self.post_block_game_event(
+            "minecraft:block_change",
+            pos,
+            self.sculk_actor(),
+            Some(state),
+        );
+        self.stats.add("used", &stack.item, 1);
+        self.consume_held();
+        self.trigger_block("minecraft:item_used_on_block", pos, stack);
+        true
+    }
     /// `SignBlock.openTextEdit` for the front side after placement.
     pub(super) fn open_sign_editor(&mut self, pos: (i32, i32, i32), front: bool) {
         self.sign_edit = Some(SignEditor {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/spawner.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/spawner.rs
index 538cb39e7..5dd907afb 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/spawner.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/spawner.rs
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.world.modified.insert((key.0 >> 4, key.2 >> 4));
     }
     /// `LivingEntity.makePoofParticles` (entity event 20) for a mob.
-    fn mob_poof(&mut self, id: u32) {
+    pub(super) fn mob_poof(&mut self, id: u32) {
         let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter().find(|m| m.id == id) else {
             return;
         };
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/stats.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/stats.rs
index 7f64c6bb2..68a574eb1 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/stats.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/stats.rs
@@ -256,9 +256,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             .fluid
             == horizon_client::blocks::Fluid::Water;
         let on_ground = p.ground.on_ground;
-        let (sprinting, flying, gliding, swimming) = (
+        let (sprinting, gliding, swimming) = (
             p.sprinting,
-            p.flying,
             p.fall_flying,
             p.pose == horizon_client::pose::Pose::Swimming,
         );
@@ -272,15 +271,27 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         });
         let s = &mut self.stats;
         match riding {
-            Some(Ok(horizon_client::mobs::Species::Pig)) => s.custom("pig_one_cm", total),
-            Some(Ok(horizon_client::mobs::Species::Strider)) => s.custom("strider_one_cm", total),
-            Some(Ok(sp)) if horizon_client::mobs::equine::is_equine(sp) => {
-                s.custom("horse_one_cm", horizontal)
+            Some(Ok(sp)) => {
+                use horizon_client::mobs::Species;
+                // `checkRidingStatistics`: only these mounts count, the horse
+                // family by the full 3D distance; any other mount nothing.
+                match sp {
+                    Species::Pig => s.custom("pig_one_cm", total),
+                    Species::Strider => s.custom("strider_one_cm", total),
+                    Species::HappyGhast => s.custom("happy_ghast_one_cm", total),
+                    Species::Nautilus | Species::ZombieNautilus => {
+                        s.custom("nautilus_one_cm", total)
+                    }
+                    sp if horizon_client::mobs::equine::is_equine(sp) => {
+                        s.custom("horse_one_cm", total)
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
             }
-            Some(_) => {
+            Some(Err(())) => {
                 if self.boats.iter().any(|b| Some(b.id) == self.riding) {
                     s.custom("boat_one_cm", total)
-                } else {
+                } else if self.carts.iter().any(|c| Some(c.id) == self.riding) {
                     s.custom("minecart_one_cm", total)
                 }
             }
@@ -300,8 +311,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 }
             }
             None if gliding => s.custom("aviate_one_cm", total),
-            None if flying => s.custom("fly_one_cm", horizontal),
-            None if d.y < 0.0 => s.custom("fall_one_cm", (-d.y * 100.0).round() as i32),
+            // Airborne and not gliding: more than 25 cm sideways per move
+            // (creative flight, or a long jump), not only flying.
+            None if horizontal > 25 => s.custom("fly_one_cm", horizontal),
             None => {}
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/trading.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/trading.rs
index 6986d8baa..0f8723737 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/trading.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/trading.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.handle_mob_events(events)?;
             return Ok(true);
         }
-        self.stats.custom("talk_to_villager", 1);
+        self.stats.custom("talked_to_villager", 1);
         self.ensure_offers(index);
         let m = &self.mobs[index];
         let trade = m.extra.trade.as_deref().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
@@ -398,18 +398,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             .as_ref()
             .and_then(|s| s.merchant.as_ref())
             .and_then(|m| m.mob);
-        let session = self.merchant_apply(session, mob);
+        let (session, traded) = self.merchant_apply(session, mob);
+        self.merchant_traded(mob, &traded);
         if let Some(m) = self.station.as_mut().and_then(|s| s.merchant.as_mut()) {
             m.session = session;
         }
     }
-    /// What a menu click's session did, applied to the world and its mob.
+    /// What a menu click's session did, applied to the world and its mob;
+    /// with the result of each trade made, for `merchant_traded`.
     pub(super) fn merchant_apply(
         &mut self,
         session: Box<merchant::Session>,
         mob: Option<u32>,
-    ) -> Box<merchant::Session> {
+    ) -> (Box<merchant::Session>, Vec<ItemStack>) {
         let mut session = session;
+        let mut traded = Vec::new();
         let events = std::mem::take(&mut session.events);
         let (villager, origin) = (session.villager, session.origin);
         if let Some(m) = mob.and_then(|id| self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == id)) {
@@ -438,11 +441,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     };
                     self.audio.play(sound, Some(origin), 1.0, pitch);
                 }
-                merchant::Event::Traded(_) => self.stats.custom("traded_with_villager", 1),
+                merchant::Event::Traded(index) => {
+                    traded.extend(session.offers.get(index).map(|o| o.result.clone()));
+                }
                 merchant::Event::TradeSound => {}
             }
         }
-        session
+        (session, traded)
+    }
+    /// `MerchantResultSlot.checkTakeAchievements` and `AbstractVillager.notifyTrade`
+    /// for each trade made: the statistic and the `villager_trade` trigger.
+    pub(super) fn merchant_traded(&mut self, mob: Option<u32>, results: &[ItemStack]) {
+        for result in results {
+            self.stats.custom("traded_with_villager", 1);
+            let villager = mob
+                .and_then(|id| self.mobs.iter().find(|m| m.id == id))
+                .map(|m| self.mob_entity(m));
+            if let Some(villager) = villager {
+                self.trigger_trade(&villager, result);
+            }
+        }
     }
     /// `Villager.customServerAiStep`: the TRADE reputation event of the last
     /// trade, a tick later; the prices follow the new reputation.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/vault.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/vault.rs
index f3edfddb3..18430daf6 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/vault.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/vault.rs
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 self.consume_held();
             }
         }
+        // ServerPlayerGameMode.useItemOn: the action was consumed.
+        self.trigger_block("minecraft:item_used_on_block", pos, &stack);
         Ok(true)
     }
     fn vault_events(&mut self, key: Pos, events: Vec<VaultEvent>) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/health.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/health.rs
index 4514c2bcf..31e4e8104 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/health.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/health.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,22 @@ pub(crate) type State = HurtState<DamageTypeId>;
 pub struct HealthRules {
     pub difficulty: Difficulty,
     pub natural_regeneration: bool,
+    /// The `drowning_damage`, `fall_damage`, `fire_damage` and
+    /// `freeze_damage` rules `Player.isInvulnerableTo` reads.
+    pub drowning_damage: bool,
+    pub fall_damage: bool,
+    pub fire_damage: bool,
+    pub freeze_damage: bool,
 }
 impl Default for HealthRules {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             difficulty: Difficulty::Normal,
             natural_regeneration: true,
+            drowning_damage: true,
+            fall_damage: true,
+            fire_damage: true,
+            freeze_damage: true,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -633,8 +643,13 @@ impl ImmunityWorld for Environment<'_> {
     fn enchantment_immunity(&mut self) -> io::Result<bool> {
         Ok(false)
     }
-    fn damage_rule(&mut self, _: DamageRule) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        Ok(true)
+    fn damage_rule(&mut self, rule: DamageRule) -> io::Result<bool> {
+        Ok(match rule {
+            DamageRule::Drowning => self.rules.drowning_damage,
+            DamageRule::Fall => self.rules.fall_damage,
+            DamageRule::Fire => self.rules.fire_damage,
+            DamageRule::Freeze => self.rules.freeze_damage,
+        })
     }
     fn changing_dimension(&mut self) -> io::Result<bool> {
         Ok(false)
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs.rs
index 50ce01f9f..6179162ef 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs.rs
@@ -1320,6 +1320,8 @@ pub struct Seen {
     pub active_raid: bool,
     /// A copper golem's `openedChestPos` (`ContainerUser.hasContainerOpen`).
     pub opened_chest: Option<[i32; 3]>,
+    /// `isPassenger`.
+    pub passenger: bool,
     /// A villager's reputation of the player (`getPlayerReputation`).
     pub player_rep: i32,
     /// `isPushable` and pushed by others (`Entity.push(Entity)` moves it).
@@ -1411,6 +1413,7 @@ impl Mob {
             hurt_by: m.ai.last_hurt_by.map(|w| (w, m.ai.last_hurt_by_time)),
             active_raid: raider::has_active_raid(m),
             opened_chest: m.extra.opened_chest,
+            passenger: m.extra.mount.is_some(),
             player_rep: match (villager, player) {
                 (true, Some(uuid)) => villager::ext(m).map_or(0, |e| e.gossips.reputation(uuid)),
                 _ => 0,
@@ -1590,6 +1593,8 @@ pub struct PlayerView {
     /// A LAN guest: its own client moves it, and touching mobs push it there
     /// (`EntitySelector.pushableBy` on the client).
     pub remote: bool,
+    /// `isPassenger`.
+    pub passenger: bool,
 }
 impl PlayerView {
     /// `LivingEntity.hasEffect`, by id without namespace.
@@ -1920,7 +1925,7 @@ impl Mob {
             let dead = !self.alive();
             let sound = ai::voice_sounds(self)[if dead { 2 } else { 1 }];
             if !dead {
-                self.ambient_timer = -self.kind.ambient_interval;
+                self.ambient_timer = -self.ambient_interval();
             }
             if !sound.is_empty() {
                 let pitch = self.voice_pitch();
@@ -2030,6 +2035,16 @@ impl Mob {
         let at = [self.position.x, self.eye_y(), self.position.z];
         events.push(MobEvent::Sound(event, at, 1.0, 1.0));
     }
+    /// `Mob.getAmbientSoundInterval`; `HappyGhast` waits six times as long
+    /// while it carries a passenger.
+    pub fn ambient_interval(&self) -> i32 {
+        let ridden = self.rider.is_some() || self.extra.rider.is_some();
+        if self.species() == Species::HappyGhast && ridden {
+            self.kind.ambient_interval * 6
+        } else {
+            self.kind.ambient_interval
+        }
+    }
     /// LivingEntity.getVoicePitch.
     pub fn voice_pitch(&mut self) -> f32 {
         // HappyGhast.getVoicePitch: always 1.0, babies and all.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/ai.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/ai.rs
index 9adf93a8f..3d4b84f3e 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/ai.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/ai.rs
@@ -185,6 +185,18 @@ pub fn register(m: &mut Mob) {
             if m.species() == Species::Rabbit {
                 super::rabbit::register(m);
             }
+            if m.species() == Species::Frog {
+                // `Frog()`: SmoothSwimmingMoveControl(85, 10, 0.02, 0.1, true).
+                // The speed attribute is 1.0, so the controller's scaling is
+                // what keeps a frog at a walking pace on land.
+                m.ai.mov.kind = super::control::MoveKind::SmoothSwimming {
+                    max_turn_x: 85.0,
+                    max_turn_y: 10.0,
+                    in_water: 0.02,
+                    outside: 0.1,
+                    gravity: true,
+                };
+            }
             if m.species() == Species::Turtle {
                 super::turtle::register(m);
             }
@@ -321,6 +333,20 @@ fn generic(m: &mut Mob) {
         m.ai.targets.add(1, HurtByTarget::new());
         m.ai.targets.add(2, NearestTarget::player(true));
     } else {
+        if m.kind.species == Species::Goat {
+            // GoatAi's idle and core behaviours (the ram and long jump
+            // activities are not here): panic 2.0, AnimalMakeLove, tempting
+            // with goat_food and baby follow at 1.25, then stroll.
+            g.add(0, Float);
+            g.add(1, Panic::new(2.0));
+            g.add(2, Breed::new(1.0));
+            g.add(3, Tempt::new(1.25, m.kind.food.clone(), false));
+            g.add(4, FollowParent::new(1.25));
+            g.add(5, Stroll::avoiding_water(1.0));
+            g.add(6, LookAtPlayer::new(6.0));
+            g.add(7, RandomLookAround::default());
+            return;
+        }
         g.add(0, Float);
         let rabbit = m.kind.species == Species::Rabbit;
         g.add(1, Panic::new(if rabbit { 2.2 } else { 1.25 }));
@@ -609,7 +635,7 @@ fn base_tick(m: &mut Mob, w: &MobWorld, events: &mut Vec<MobEvent>) {
         let t = m.ambient_timer;
         m.ambient_timer += 1;
         if roll < t {
-            m.ambient_timer = -m.kind.ambient_interval;
+            m.ambient_timer = -m.ambient_interval();
             play_ambient(m, w, events);
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/bee.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/bee.rs
index 27d8e7c84..cecaff589 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/bee.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/bee.rs
@@ -323,12 +323,19 @@ pub fn sting(m: &mut Mob, who: Who, cx: &mut Cx) {
     match who {
         Who::Player => {
             cx.events.push(MobEvent::AttackPlayer(amount, from));
-            let seconds = if cx.w.difficulty.hard { 18 } else { 10 };
-            cx.events.push(MobEvent::EffectPlayer {
-                effect: "minecraft:poison",
-                ticks: seconds * 20,
-                amplifier: 0,
-            });
+            // Poison only on normal (10 s) and hard (18 s).
+            let seconds = match cx.w.difficulty.id {
+                2 => 10,
+                3 => 18,
+                _ => 0,
+            };
+            if seconds > 0 {
+                cx.events.push(MobEvent::EffectPlayer {
+                    effect: "minecraft:poison",
+                    ticks: seconds * 20,
+                    amplifier: 0,
+                });
+            }
         }
         Who::Mob(id) => cx.events.push(MobEvent::AttackMob {
             target: id,
@@ -421,10 +428,10 @@ pub fn drop_off_nectar(m: &mut Mob) {
     set_has_nectar(m, false);
     st(m).crops_grown = 0;
 }
-/// `Bee.setStayOutOfHiveCountdown`, which in 26.3 only resets the time
-/// without nectar.
+/// `Bee.setStayOutOfHiveCountdown`: the bee will not enter a hive for 400
+/// ticks (the hive passes that when a sedated hive lets its bees out).
 pub fn set_stay_out_of_hive_countdown(m: &mut Mob) {
-    st(m).ticks_without_nectar = 0;
+    st(m).stay_out_of_hive = 400;
 }
 fn drop_hive(m: &mut Mob) {
     let b = st(m);
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/drops.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/drops.rs
index 064cf0583..3168d8f1e 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/drops.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/drops.rs
@@ -403,6 +403,15 @@ pub fn die(m: &mut Mob, d: &Death, sequences: &mut RandomSequences) -> (Vec<Drop
         out.push(Drop::Item(stack));
         clear_slot(m, "mainhand");
     }
+    // Allay: what it carries (`ints[1]` of the held item) is its inventory.
+    let allay_load = (s == Species::Allay)
+        .then(|| {
+            m.extra
+                .main_hand
+                .clone()
+                .map(|item| (item, m.extra.ints[1]))
+        })
+        .flatten();
     let drops_loot = d.mob_drops && (is_monster(s) || !m.is_baby());
     if drops_loot {
         let table = format!(
@@ -459,6 +468,19 @@ pub fn die(m: &mut Mob, d: &Death, sequences: &mut RandomSequences) -> (Vec<Drop
             out.push(Drop::Item(loot_stack("minecraft:nether_star", 1)));
         }
     }
+    // Allay.dropEquipment: its inventory, then the main-hand item unless it
+    // prevents equipment drops.
+    if let Some((item, carried)) = allay_load {
+        if carried > 0 {
+            out.push(Drop::Item(loot_stack(&item, carried)));
+        }
+        if let Some(stack) = slot_item(m, "mainhand")
+            && !d.loot.prevents_equipment_drop(&stack)
+        {
+            out.push(Drop::Item(stack));
+            clear_slot(m, "mainhand");
+        }
+    }
     // Piglin.dropCustomDeathLoot: everything in its inventory.
     if s == Species::Piglin {
         for stack in m.extra.inventory.drain(..) {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/living.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/living.rs
index 389457a11..6c6923c32 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/living.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/living.rs
@@ -660,7 +660,11 @@ impl Mob {
             return;
         }
         let power = self.fall_distance + 1.0e-6 - self.kind.safe_fall_distance;
-        let damage = (power * self.kind.fall_damage_multiplier).floor();
+        let mut damage = (power * self.kind.fall_damage_multiplier).floor();
+        // Frog.calculateFallDamage: five points less than the base damage.
+        if self.species() == super::Species::Frog {
+            damage -= 5.0;
+        }
         if damage > 0.0 {
             let at = [self.position.x, self.position.y, self.position.z];
             let sound = if damage > 4.0 {
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/monster_brain.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/monster_brain.rs
index 9456c00a1..827360406 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/monster_brain.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/monster_brain.rs
@@ -1137,6 +1137,7 @@ struct Quarry {
     position: Vec3,
     head_yaw: f32,
     height: f64,
+    passenger: bool,
 }
 fn quarry(w: &MobWorld, who: Who) -> Option<Quarry> {
     let t = w.target_info(who)?;
@@ -1148,6 +1149,7 @@ fn quarry(w: &MobWorld, who: Who) -> Option<Quarry> {
         position: t.position,
         head_yaw,
         height: t.bounds.max_position().y - t.bounds.min_position().y,
+        passenger: t.passenger,
     })
 }
 /// `BreezeUtil.randomPointBehindTarget`.
@@ -1233,7 +1235,8 @@ fn shoot_tick(m: &mut Mob, cx: &mut Bx) {
     let firing = super::breeze::firing_y(m);
     let (xd, yd, zd) = (
         q.position.x - m.position.x,
-        q.position.y + q.height * 0.3 - firing,
+        // target.getY(target.isPassenger() ? 0.8 : 0.3).
+        q.position.y + q.height * if q.passenger { 0.8 } else { 0.3 } - firing,
         q.position.z - m.position.z,
     );
     let start = Vec3::new(m.position.x, firing, m.position.z);
@@ -1242,14 +1245,19 @@ fn shoot_tick(m: &mut Mob, cx: &mut Bx) {
         start,
         Some(Who::Mob(m.id)),
     );
-    // The new entity's own random spreads the shot (5 - difficulty * 4 at
-    // normal): not the breeze's.
+    // The new entity's own random spreads the shot (5 - difficulty id * 4):
+    // not the breeze's.
     let mut own = LegacyRandom::new(
         cx.now
             .wrapping_mul(0x5DEE_CE66)
             .wrapping_add(i64::from(m.id)),
     );
-    p.shoot(&mut own, [xd, yd, zd], 0.7, -3.0);
+    p.shoot(
+        &mut own,
+        [xd, yd, zd],
+        0.7,
+        5.0 - f32::from(cx.w.difficulty.id) * 4.0,
+    );
     cx.events.push(MobEvent::Projectile(p));
     breeze_sound(m, cx, "entity.breeze.shoot", 1.5);
 }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/spawning.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/spawning.rs
index 58118d2c2..3cce491ef 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/spawning.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/spawning.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ pub struct LocalDifficulty {
     pub normal: bool,
     /// The world difficulty is hard.
     pub hard: bool,
+    /// `Difficulty.getId`: 0 peaceful to 3 hard.
+    pub id: u8,
 }
 /// `DimensionType.MOON_BRIGHTNESS_PER_PHASE`.
 pub const MOON_BRIGHTNESS: [f32; 8] = [1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75];
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ impl LocalDifficulty {
                 effective: 0.0,
                 normal,
                 hard,
+                id: base,
             };
         }
         let global = ((total as f32 - 72000.0) / 1_440_000.0).clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 0.25;
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ impl LocalDifficulty {
             effective: f32::from(base) * (0.75 + global + local),
             normal,
             hard,
+            id: base,
         }
     }
     /// `getSpecialMultiplier`.
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/species.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/species.rs
index 92d1f21cd..64106574b 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/species.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/species.rs
@@ -1447,7 +1447,6 @@ impl Def {
                     | S::IronGolem
                     | S::Cat
                     | S::Ocelot
-                    | S::Frog
                     | S::Slime
                     | S::MagmaCube
                     | S::Wither
@@ -1581,7 +1580,7 @@ impl Def {
             S::Bee => "bee_food",
             S::Turtle => "turtle_food",
             S::Armadillo => "armadillo_food",
-            S::Frog => "frog_food",
+            S::Frog | S::Tadpole => "frog_food",
             S::Axolotl => "axolotl_food",
             S::Hoglin => "hoglin_food",
             S::Strider => "strider_food",
@@ -1662,6 +1661,12 @@ impl Def {
             | S::Camel
             | S::CamelHusk => 400,
             S::Ocelot => 900,
+            // Guardian.getAmbientSoundInterval (the elder too).
+            S::Guardian | S::ElderGuardian => 160,
+            // Hoglin extends Animal; Shulker extends AbstractGolem.
+            S::Hoglin | S::Shulker => 120,
+            // Allay is a PathfinderMob: the Mob default.
+            S::Allay => 80,
             S::Squid
             | S::GlowSquid
             | S::Cod
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/world.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/world.rs
index dc201a3f3..e1d7b7f8d 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/world.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/world.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ pub struct TargetInfo {
     pub can_be_seen_as_enemy: bool,
     pub is_player: bool,
     pub creative: bool,
+    /// `isPassenger`.
+    pub passenger: bool,
 }
 impl MobWorld<'_> {
     /// The biome's base temperature at a position.
@@ -249,6 +251,7 @@ impl MobWorld<'_> {
                 can_be_seen_as_enemy: true,
                 is_player: true,
                 creative: p.creative,
+                passenger: p.passenger,
             }),
             Who::Mob(id) => self.seen(id).map(|s| TargetInfo {
                 position: s.position,
@@ -258,6 +261,7 @@ impl MobWorld<'_> {
                 can_be_seen_as_enemy: !s.playing_dead,
                 is_player: false,
                 creative: false,
+                passenger: s.passenger,
             }),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/particles.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/particles.rs
index 5efc83621..2e7930b4e 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/particles.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/particles.rs
@@ -546,6 +546,17 @@ fn next_double_between(random: &mut impl RandomSource, min: f64, max: f64) -> f6
 pub fn on_block_faces(
     random: &mut impl RandomSource,
     pos: [i32; 3],
+    emit: impl FnMut([f64; 3], [f64; 3]),
+) {
+    on_block_faces_between(random, pos, 3, 5, emit);
+}
+/// `ParticleUtils.spawnParticlesOnBlockFaces` with `UniformInt.of(min, max)`
+/// particles per face (3009 sniffer egg cracks use 3 to 6).
+pub fn on_block_faces_between(
+    random: &mut impl RandomSource,
+    pos: [i32; 3],
+    min: i32,
+    max: i32,
     mut emit: impl FnMut([f64; 3], [f64; 3]),
 ) {
     const FACES: [[i32; 3]; 6] = [
@@ -557,7 +568,7 @@ pub fn on_block_faces(
         [1, 0, 0],
     ];
     for face in FACES {
-        let count = random.next_int_bound(5 - 3 + 1).unwrap_or(0) + 3;
+        let count = random.next_int_bound(max - min + 1).unwrap_or(0) + min;
         for _ in 0..count {
             // getRandomSpeedRanges, then spawnParticleOnFace with step factor 0.55.
             let speed: [f64; 3] = std::array::from_fn(|_| next_double_between(random, -0.5, 0.5));
diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/projectiles.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/projectiles.rs
index aae9b296b..b3e9938c9 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/projectiles.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/projectiles.rs
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ pub struct Projectile {
     pub arrow: Option<Box<crate::arrows::ArrowState>>,
     /// `AbstractHurtingProjectile.accelerationPower`.
     pub acceleration: f64,
+    /// `Entity.needsSync`: a server tells its clients about the change this
+    /// tick instead of at the next update interval.
+    pub needs_sync: bool,
 }
 /// What a projectile struck this tick.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -173,6 +176,7 @@ impl Projectile {
             left_owner: false,
             bonus: Default::default(),
             acceleration: 0.1,
+            needs_sync: false,
             arrow: kind_is_arrow.then(|| {
                 // Entity.random: seeded unpredictably, the position stands in.
                 Box::new(crate::arrows::ArrowState::new(
diff --git a/crates/horizon-threads/src/lib.rs b/crates/horizon-threads/src/lib.rs
index 85957b7e1..01e815e8b 100644
--- a/crates/horizon-threads/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/horizon-threads/src/lib.rs
@@ -163,6 +163,38 @@ fn idle() -> bool {
     false
 }
 
+/// How many stop requests (Ctrl-C, SIGTERM, SIGHUP) arrived since `catch_stop_signals`.
+pub fn stop_requests() -> u32 {
+    STOP_REQUESTS.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst)
+}
+
+static STOP_REQUESTS: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32 = std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32::new(0);
+
+/// Count stop requests from outside instead of dying on them: vanilla's "Client Shutdown Thread"
+/// (`Main.java`) halts the integrated server when the JVM shuts down, and the JVM does that on
+/// these signals, so a killed game still saves. The caller's event loop turns the first request
+/// into a normal quit; a second one (the save is stuck) ends the process at once.
+#[cfg(any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn catch_stop_signals() {
+    extern "C" fn handle(_: libc::c_int) {
+        if STOP_REQUESTS.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) >= 1 {
+            // SAFETY: _exit is async-signal-safe; 130 is the shell's code for a Ctrl-C death.
+            unsafe { libc::_exit(130) }
+        }
+    }
+    let handler = handle as extern "C" fn(libc::c_int);
+    for signal in [libc::SIGINT, libc::SIGTERM, libc::SIGHUP] {
+        // SAFETY: the handler only touches an atomic and calls _exit, both async-signal-safe.
+        unsafe {
+            libc::signal(signal, handler as libc::sighandler_t);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Windows and the other systems keep their default: a closed window is a `CloseRequested`.
+#[cfg(not(any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn catch_stop_signals() {}
+
 /// Give back to the OS the memory the allocator holds free, after something
 /// large was dropped: glibc keeps freed pages in the arena of the thread that
 /// allocated them, and macOS in its zones until memory runs short. Nothing
diff --git a/docs/resource-packs.md b/docs/resource-packs.md
index 783c381dd..69eee3393 100644
--- a/docs/resource-packs.md
+++ b/docs/resource-packs.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ harness named checks that loader against vanilla).
 | Overlays per format | `pack.mcmeta` `overlays` | works | `test_resource_pack_parity` (an overlay for 26.3 applied, an older one not) |
 | Filters | `pack.mcmeta` `filter` | works | `test_resource_pack_parity` (`packs/pattern.rs` regex subset) |
 | Folder and zip packs, order, built-in packs | `resourcepacks/` | works | `test_resource_pack_parity`, `test_pack_selection_parity` |
-| Server resource packs: the prompt, the server list's Server Resource Packs setting, download (250 MiB, SHA-1, `downloads/` keeps 20), applied on top of the player's packs, removed on leaving | the server's `resource_pack_push`/`_pop` | works, no download toasts | `tools/server_pack_e2e.py` (against vanilla's server and Horizon's), unit tests in `server_packs.rs`; `test_server_resource_pack_parity` for Horizon's server |
+| Server resource packs: the prompt, the server list's Server Resource Packs setting, download (250 MiB, SHA-1, `downloads/` keeps 20), download toasts, a progress screen while the packs reload, applied on top of the player's packs, removed on leaving | the server's `resource_pack_push`/`_pop` | works | `tools/server_pack_e2e.py` (against vanilla's server and Horizon's), unit tests in `server_packs.rs`; `test_server_resource_pack_parity` for Horizon's server |
 | Other namespaces | `assets/<namespace>/` | works | `test_resource_pack_parity` |
 | Block states: variants, multipart, weights, rotations, uvlock | `blockstates/` | works | `test_blockstate_model_parity`, `test_model_choice_parity`, `test_blockstate_transform_parity` |
 | Block models: parents, elements, rotations, faces, cullface, tint, shade, light emission, ambient occlusion | `models/block/` | works | `test_model_resolution_parity`, `test_model_baking_parity`, `test_section_mesh_parity` |
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ shaders, the missing pieces are missing vanilla features too, and each vanilla p
 | Gap | Size | Where |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | Animation `interpolate` | small | fix PR (`gfx.rs` `animate_sprites`) |
-| Server pack download toasts (`download.pack.*`) | small | `game/server_packs.rs` |
 | GUI scaling `width`/`height`, `stretch_inner`, `tile`, `stretch` | small | next fix PR (`ui.rs`) |
 | Villager hats | small | [#334](https://github.com/ludovic111/horizon/issues/334) |
 | `blur`/`clamp` from packs | small | [#335](https://github.com/ludovic111/horizon/issues/335) |