From 0f5c4136f3bbd2ae3ca06e0b4985f86882a76eb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 15:19:32 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Replays: smoke rebuilt from the recording, recorded objects
 and searchlights, film cut in true order, export sessions guarded, gun camera
 above water; export keeps its last frames; hd_bench no longer excuses strong
 flicker (#76-#84, fork patch 35)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 airdef-mod/src/film.rs                        | 270 +++++++----
 airdef-mod/src/lib.rs                         |  85 +++-
 airdef-mod/src/replay.rs                      |  41 +-
 airdef-mod/src/sim/record.rs                  |  85 ++++
 airdef-mod/src/sim/regress.rs                 |  63 +++
 airdef-mod/src/smoke.rs                       | 215 ++++++---
 ...ork-world-models-client-particles-so.patch |   2 +-
 ...izon-mod-report-particles-and-sounds.patch |   2 +-
 ...-fork-full-screen-post-pass-for-mods.patch |   2 +-
 ...far-models-as-scaled-impostors-past-.patch |   2 +-
 ...er.set-views-draws-the-world-from-ot.patch |   2 +-
 ...er-tick-and-per-event-AirDef-plans-r.patch |   2 +-
 ...-up-to-1920x1080-full-screen-replays.patch |   2 +-
 ...ant-terrain-tiles-fog-measured-from-.patch |   2 +-
 ...id-so-mods-keep-state-per-world-API-.patch |   2 +-
 ...d-trial-runs-behind-feature-full-so-.patch |   2 +-
 ...ffer-pass-per-pixel-mod-point-lights.patch |   2 +-
 ...e-2-sun-and-moon-shadow-cascades-the.patch |   2 +-
 ...ached-until-a-resize-or-a-new-source.patch |   2 +-
 ...-per-16x16-tile-surface-and-halo-lis.patch |   2 +-
 ...pass-in-the-F3-timing-list-half-reso.patch |   2 +-
 ...only-sun-facing-quads-and-skip-burie.patch |   2 +-
 ...es-render.model-id-model-generation-.patch |   2 +-
 ...aling-HORIZON_HD_SCALE-world-G-buffe.patch |   2 +-
 ...-pass-colour-normal-depth-the-floor-.patch |   2 +-
 ...lla-texture-on-the-surface-the-biome.patch |   2 +-
 ...-a-physical-atmosphere-Rayleigh-Mie-.patch |   2 +-
 ...r-blue-a-little-clearer-ripples-a-li.patch |   2 +-
 ...sunsets-Rec.-2020-atmosphere-sun-tin.patch |   2 +-
 ...es-for-simulations-render.query-rays.patch |   2 +-
 ...vel-from-the-world-not-from-rain-geo.patch |   2 +-
 ...dules-gfx-hd-one-Rust-file-and-one-W.patch |   2 +-
 ...scales-that-divide-the-camera-s-6553.patch |   2 +-
 ...oke-and-missile-trails-with-clear-tu.patch |   2 +-
 ...ited-by-depth-so-terrain-and-vehicle.patch |   2 +-
 ...rails-drawn-at-least-as-wide-as-a-gr.patch |   2 +-
 ...main-view-API-level-15-renders-the-s.patch |   2 +-
 ...mods-render.set-spot-lights-API-leve.patch |   2 +-
 ...g-polish-cloud-panorama-cirrus-terra.patch |   2 +-
 ...through-glass-and-leaves-rain-ripple.patch |   2 +-
 ...y-frame-in-flight-reaches-the-writer.patch | 446 ++++++++++++++++++
 tools/hd_bench.py                             |  42 +-
 tools/test_hd_bench.py                        |  89 ++++
 43 files changed, 1197 insertions(+), 207 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 horizon-patches/0035-Film-export-every-frame-in-flight-reaches-the-writer.patch
 create mode 100644 tools/test_hd_bench.py

diff --git a/airdef-mod/src/film.rs b/airdef-mod/src/film.rs
index 9797c33..04c7671 100644
--- a/airdef-mod/src/film.rs
+++ b/airdef-mod/src/film.rs
@@ -243,21 +243,42 @@ fn placements<F: Fn(f64, f64) -> Rig>(mk: F) -> Vec<Rig> {
     vec![mk(1.0, 0.0), mk(-1.0, 0.0), mk(1.0, 28.0), mk(-1.0, 28.0)]
 }
 
-/// The shots of event `i`.
-fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> Vec<Shot> {
+/// Shortest shot worth cutting to, in replay ticks.
+const MIN_SHOT: f64 = 8.0;
+
+/// The replay tick a shot ends at.
+fn shot_end(s: &Shot) -> f64 {
+    s.table.last().copied().unwrap_or(0.0)
+}
+
+/// The shots of event `i`, with replay time never running back: no shot starts before `floor` (the
+/// end of the one before it, or of the previous event's last), a stage the real intervals leave no
+/// room for is merged into its neighbour or left out, and what happens in the story comes in the
+/// order it happened (a launch before its kill; an interceptor not before its first point).
+fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize, floor: f64) -> Vec<Shot> {
     let e = rec.events[i];
     let te = e.at as f64;
     let o = rec.origin;
     let end = rec.len as f64;
     let pos = e.pos;
     let mut shots: Vec<Shot> = Vec::new();
-    let mut add = |shot: Shot| shots.push(shot);
+    let cur = std::cell::Cell::new(floor);
+    let mut add = |shot: Shot| {
+        cur.set(shot_end(&shot));
+        shots.push(shot);
+    };
+    // The interval a stage may use: not before the cursor, and long enough to be a shot.
+    let span = |a: f64, b: f64| -> Option<(f64, f64)> {
+        let a = a.max(0.0).max(cur.get());
+        (b - a >= MIN_SHOT).then_some((a, b))
+    };
     // The slow moment: half speed into it, a tenth through it, back to normal after.
     let slow = |lead: f64, after: f64| -> Vec<(f64, f64)> {
         vec![(te - lead, 0.6), (te - 4.0, 0.15), (te + 6.0, 0.15), (te + 22.0, 0.6), (te + after, 1.0)]
     };
     let kill_close = |from: DVec3, aim_id: Option<u32>, head: &str, sub: String| -> Shot {
-        let a = (te - 10.0).max(0.0);
+        // Never before the story so far; held to at least a few ticks.
+        let a = (te - 10.0).max(0.0).max(cur.get());
         let b = (te + 48.0).min(end).max(a + 4.0);
         let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
             let s = across(pos, from) * side;
@@ -272,8 +293,7 @@ fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> Vec<Shot> {
         Shot::new(a, b, &slow(10.0, 48.0), variants, head, &sub, i)
     };
     let aftermath = |from: DVec3, head: &str| -> Option<Shot> {
-        let a = (te + 48.0).min(end);
-        let b = (te + 150.0).min(end);
+        let (a, b) = span((te + 48.0).min(end), (te + 150.0).min(end))?;
         if b - a < 20.0 {
             return None;
         }
@@ -295,60 +315,78 @@ fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> Vec<Shot> {
             let mt = missile.and_then(|m| rec.track(m).map(|t| (m, t.first as f64)));
             match mt {
                 Some((m, tl)) => {
-                    // The hero: the launcher, three-quarters, a little before the launch.
-                    let a = (tl - 60.0).max(0.0);
-                    let b = tl + 6.0;
-                    let launcher = sp + DVec3::Y * 4.0;
-                    let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
-                        let dir = (pos - sp).with_y(0.0).normalize_or(DVec3::X);
-                        let s = across(pos, sp) * side;
-                        let base = sp - dir * 38.0 + s * 34.0;
-                        Rig {
-                            eye: Eye::Dolly(base + DVec3::Y * (7.0 + lift), base + s * 6.0 - dir * 4.0 + DVec3::Y * (9.0 + lift)),
-                            aim: Aim::Point(launcher),
-                            fov: (46.0, 40.0),
-                        }
-                    });
-                    add(Shot::new(a, b.max(a + 20.0), &[(a, 1.0)], variants, &name, &sub, i));
-                    // The launch, from the side, the camera low and the interceptor climbing away.
-                    let a2 = b.max(a + 20.0);
-                    let b2 = (a2 + 44.0).min(te - 20.0).max(a2 + 10.0);
-                    let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
-                        let s = across(pos, sp) * side;
-                        Rig { eye: Eye::Static(sp + s * 46.0 + DVec3::Y * (3.0 + lift * 0.3)), aim: Aim::Track(m, sp), fov: (42.0, 24.0) }
-                    });
-                    add(Shot::new(a2, b2, &[(a2, 1.0)], variants, "Пуск", "", i));
-                    // The flight, from behind the interceptor with the target ahead; long flights run faster.
-                    let a3 = b2;
-                    let b3 = te - 32.0;
-                    if b3 - a3 > 14.0 {
-                        let sp3 = (((b3 - a3) / 6.0) / 20.0).clamp(1.0, 4.0);
-                        let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
-                            eye: Eye::Behind { track: m, back: 15.0, up: 3.5 + lift * 0.2, side: 5.0 * side },
-                            aim: Aim::Track(drone, pos),
-                            fov: (56.0, 56.0),
+                    // The facts, in order: the launcher waits, the interceptor leaves it at `tl`, it
+                    // flies, it meets the target at `te`. Each stage gets the time the real flight
+                    // has for it; what has none is merged into the one before, or left out.
+                    let tl = tl.min(te);
+                    // The hero: the launcher, three-quarters, until the launch.
+                    if let Some((a, b)) = span(tl - 60.0, tl) {
+                        let launcher = sp + DVec3::Y * 4.0;
+                        let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
+                            let dir = (pos - sp).with_y(0.0).normalize_or(DVec3::X);
+                            let s = across(pos, sp) * side;
+                            let base = sp - dir * 38.0 + s * 34.0;
+                            Rig {
+                                eye: Eye::Dolly(base + DVec3::Y * (7.0 + lift), base + s * 6.0 - dir * 4.0 + DVec3::Y * (9.0 + lift)),
+                                aim: Aim::Point(launcher),
+                                fov: (46.0, 40.0),
+                            }
                         });
-                        add(Shot::new(a3, b3, &[(a3, sp3)], variants, "Сближение", "", i));
+                        add(Shot::new(a, b, &[(a, 1.0)], variants, &name, &sub, i));
+                    }
+                    // The flight proper runs from the launch to ten ticks before the kill (where the
+                    // close-up begins); under 6 ticks of it there is no room for more than the close-up.
+                    let from = tl.max(cur.get());
+                    let ke = te - 10.0;
+                    let room = ke - from;
+                    if room >= 6.0 {
+                        let launch_len = (room * 0.4).clamp(6.0, 44.0);
+                        let mut b2 = from + launch_len;
+                        let rest = ke - b2;
+                        // The launch, from the side, the camera low and the interceptor climbing away.
+                        let launch_at = |b2: f64| {
+                            let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
+                                let s = across(pos, sp) * side;
+                                Rig { eye: Eye::Static(sp + s * 46.0 + DVec3::Y * (3.0 + lift * 0.3)), aim: Aim::Track(m, sp), fov: (42.0, 24.0) }
+                            });
+                            Shot::new(from, b2, &[(from, 1.0)], variants, "Пуск", "", i)
+                        };
+                        if rest < 14.0 {
+                            // Too short to fly on camera: the launch shot runs to the close-up.
+                            b2 = ke;
+                            add(launch_at(b2));
+                        } else {
+                            add(launch_at(b2));
+                            // The flight, from behind the interceptor with the target ahead; long flights run faster.
+                            let b3 = if rest >= 36.0 { te - 32.0 } else { ke };
+                            let sp3 = (((b3 - b2) / 6.0) / 20.0).clamp(1.0, 4.0);
+                            let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
+                                eye: Eye::Behind { track: m, back: 15.0, up: 3.5 + lift * 0.2, side: 5.0 * side },
+                                aim: Aim::Track(drone, pos),
+                                fov: (56.0, 56.0),
+                            });
+                            add(Shot::new(b2, b3, &[(b2, sp3)], variants, "Сближение", "", i));
+                            // Ahead of the target, looking back at the interceptor closing.
+                            if rest >= 36.0 {
+                                let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
+                                    eye: Eye::Ahead { track: drone, ahead: 48.0, up: 6.0 + lift * 0.3, side: 14.0 * side },
+                                    aim: Aim::Mid(m, drone, pos),
+                                    fov: (46.0, 38.0),
+                                });
+                                add(Shot::new(b3, ke, &[(b3, 0.6)], variants, "", "", i));
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
-                    // Ahead of the target, looking back at the interceptor closing.
-                    let a4 = te - 32.0;
-                    let b4 = te - 10.0;
-                    let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
-                        eye: Eye::Ahead { track: drone, ahead: 48.0, up: 6.0 + lift * 0.3, side: 14.0 * side },
-                        aim: Aim::Mid(m, drone, pos),
-                        fov: (46.0, 38.0),
-                    });
-                    add(Shot::new(a4.max(0.0), b4.max(a4 + 6.0), &[(a4, 0.6)], variants, "", "", i));
                 }
                 None => {
-                    // A gun kill: the gun's view of the target.
-                    let a = (te - 110.0).max(0.0);
-                    let b = te - 10.0;
-                    let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
-                        let s = across(pos, sp) * side;
-                        Rig { eye: Eye::Static(sp + s * 14.0 + DVec3::Y * (5.0 + lift * 0.3)), aim: Aim::Track(drone, pos), fov: (34.0, 18.0) }
-                    });
-                    add(Shot::new(a, b.max(a + 12.0), &[(a, 1.0)], variants, &name, &sub, i));
+                    // A gun kill: the gun's view of the target (if the recording has room before it).
+                    if let Some((a, b)) = span(te - 110.0, te - 10.0) {
+                        let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
+                            let s = across(pos, sp) * side;
+                            Rig { eye: Eye::Static(sp + s * 14.0 + DVec3::Y * (5.0 + lift * 0.3)), aim: Aim::Track(drone, pos), fov: (34.0, 18.0) }
+                        });
+                        add(Shot::new(a, b, &[(a, 1.0)], variants, &name, &sub, i));
+                    }
                 }
             }
             let high = (pos.y - sp.y).max(0.0);
@@ -360,20 +398,21 @@ fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> Vec<Shot> {
         EventKind::Hit { drone, .. } | EventKind::Crash { drone, .. } => {
             let from = rec.track(drone).and_then(|t| t.at(o, te - 60.0)).unwrap_or(o);
             let head = title(rec, i);
-            let a = (te - 150.0).max(0.0);
-            let b = te - 55.0;
-            let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
-                eye: Eye::Behind { track: drone, back: 16.0, up: 4.0 + lift * 0.2, side: 6.0 * side },
-                aim: Aim::Point(pos),
-                fov: (55.0, 55.0),
-            });
-            add(Shot::new(a, b.max(a + 16.0), &[(a, 1.4)], variants, &head, "", i));
-            let a2 = te - 55.0;
-            let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
-                let s = across(pos, from) * side;
-                Rig { eye: Eye::Static(pos + s * 80.0 + DVec3::Y * (3.0 + lift * 0.3)), aim: Aim::Track(drone, pos), fov: (40.0, 28.0) }
-            });
-            add(Shot::new(a2.max(0.0), (te - 10.0).max(a2 + 8.0), &[(a2, 0.8)], variants, "", "", i));
+            if let Some((a, b)) = span(te - 150.0, te - 55.0) {
+                let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
+                    eye: Eye::Behind { track: drone, back: 16.0, up: 4.0 + lift * 0.2, side: 6.0 * side },
+                    aim: Aim::Point(pos),
+                    fov: (55.0, 55.0),
+                });
+                add(Shot::new(a, b, &[(a, 1.4)], variants, &head, "", i));
+            }
+            if let Some((a2, b2)) = span(te - 55.0, te - 10.0) {
+                let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
+                    let s = across(pos, from) * side;
+                    Rig { eye: Eye::Static(pos + s * 80.0 + DVec3::Y * (3.0 + lift * 0.3)), aim: Aim::Track(drone, pos), fov: (40.0, 28.0) }
+                });
+                add(Shot::new(a2, b2, &[(a2, 0.8)], variants, "", "", i));
+            }
             let sub = match e.kind {
                 EventKind::Hit { power, .. } | EventKind::Crash { power, .. } => {
                     format!("сила взрыва: {}", ["хлопок", "средний", "сильный", "тяжёлый", "мощнейший"][(power as usize).min(4)])
@@ -387,12 +426,13 @@ fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> Vec<Shot> {
         }
         EventKind::SamLost { .. } => {
             let from = pos + DVec3::new(300.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-            let a = (te - 70.0).max(0.0);
-            let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
-                let s = across(pos, from) * side;
-                Rig { eye: Eye::Dolly(pos + s * 70.0 + DVec3::Y * (12.0 + lift), pos + s * 52.0 + DVec3::Y * (9.0 + lift)), aim: Aim::Point(pos + DVec3::Y * 3.0), fov: (50.0, 44.0) }
-            });
-            add(Shot::new(a, (te - 10.0).max(a + 10.0), &[(a, 1.0)], variants, &title(rec, i), "", i));
+            if let Some((a, b)) = span(te - 70.0, te - 10.0) {
+                let variants = placements(|side, lift| {
+                    let s = across(pos, from) * side;
+                    Rig { eye: Eye::Dolly(pos + s * 70.0 + DVec3::Y * (12.0 + lift), pos + s * 52.0 + DVec3::Y * (9.0 + lift)), aim: Aim::Point(pos + DVec3::Y * 3.0), fov: (50.0, 44.0) }
+                });
+                add(Shot::new(a, b, &[(a, 1.0)], variants, &title(rec, i), "", i));
+            }
             add(kill_close(from, None, "Комплекс уничтожен", String::new()));
             if let Some(s) = aftermath(from, "") {
                 add(s);
@@ -400,14 +440,14 @@ fn plan_event(rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> Vec<Shot> {
         }
         EventKind::Split { .. } => {
             let ground = DVec3::new(pos.x, o.y, pos.z);
-            let a = (te - 40.0).max(0.0);
-            let b = (te + 170.0).min(end);
+            let a = (te - 40.0).max(0.0).max(cur.get());
+            let b = (te + 170.0).min(end).max(a + 20.0);
             let variants = placements(|side, lift| Rig {
                 eye: Eye::Dolly(ground + DVec3::new(170.0 * side, 8.0 + lift, 40.0), ground + DVec3::new(150.0 * side, 14.0 + lift, 20.0)),
                 aim: Aim::Point(pos.lerp(ground, 0.4)),
                 fov: (60.0, 52.0),
             });
-            add(Shot::new(a, b.max(a + 20.0), &[(a, 1.0), (te - 4.0, 0.3), (te + 40.0, 1.0)], variants, &title(rec, i), "", i));
+            add(Shot::new(a, b, &[(a, 1.0), (te - 4.0, 0.3), (te + 40.0, 1.0)], variants, &title(rec, i), "", i));
         }
     }
     shots
@@ -421,8 +461,14 @@ impl Film {
             return None;
         }
         let mut shots: Vec<Shot> = Vec::new();
+        // Replay time only moves on through the film: an event's shots start where the last ended.
+        let mut floor = 0.0;
         for i in events {
-            shots.extend(plan_event(rec, i));
+            let planned = plan_event(rec, i, floor);
+            if let Some(last) = planned.last() {
+                floor = shot_end(last);
+            }
+            shots.extend(planned);
         }
         let mut start = 0.0;
         for s in &mut shots {
@@ -573,3 +619,67 @@ impl Film {
         format!("{} моментов, {} планов, {:.0} с", events.len(), self.shots.len(), self.len)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::sim::record::{Event, What};
+    use crate::sim::{DroneKind, MissileKind, SamKind};
+
+    /// A recording with one interception: the interceptor leaves at `launch`, the kill is at `kill`.
+    fn intercept(len: u32, launch: u32, kill: u32, missile: bool) -> Recording {
+        let mut rec = Recording::blank(len);
+        let pos = DVec3::new(0.0, 100.0, 300.0);
+        rec.sams.push((5, SamKind::S400, DVec3::new(0.0, 64.0, 0.0)));
+        rec.straight(1, What::Drone(DroneKind::Geran3), 0, kill + 20, DVec3::new(0.0, 100.0, 900.0), pos);
+        if missile {
+            rec.straight(2, What::Missile(MissileKind::M48n6, 5), launch, kill, DVec3::new(0.0, 66.0, 0.0), pos);
+        }
+        rec.events.push(Event {
+            at: kill,
+            pos,
+            kind: EventKind::Kill { drone: 1, kind: DroneKind::Geran3, sam: 5, sam_kind: SamKind::S400, sam_index: 0, missile: missile.then_some(2) },
+        });
+        rec
+    }
+
+    /// (head, start, end) of each shot in replay ticks.
+    fn spans(rec: &Recording, floor: f64) -> Vec<(String, f64, f64)> {
+        plan_event(rec, 0, floor).iter().map(|s| (s.head.clone(), s.table[0], shot_end(s))).collect()
+    }
+
+    // #77: the shots follow the real intervals: replay time never runs back, the launch is not after
+    // the kill, nothing about the interceptor is shown before its first point.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_short_interception_is_cut_in_the_order_it_happened() {
+        // The issue's case (flight 100 to 105), then 1, 5, 15 and 100+ ticks, the kill near the
+        // start and near the end of the recording, and a gun kill.
+        let cases = [(100, 105, true, 400), (100, 101, true, 400), (100, 105, true, 120), (100, 115, true, 400), (100, 260, true, 400), (3, 8, true, 400), (0, 4, true, 30), (0, 300, true, 300), (250, 255, false, 400), (5, 12, false, 400)];
+        for (launch, kill, missile, len) in cases {
+            let rec = intercept(len, launch, kill, missile);
+            let sp = spans(&rec, 0.0);
+            assert!(!sp.is_empty(), "{launch}->{kill}");
+            let mut prev_end = 0.0;
+            for (head, a, b) in &sp {
+                assert!(b >= a, "{launch}->{kill} {head}: {a}..{b}");
+                assert!(*a >= prev_end - 1e-9, "{launch}->{kill}: {head} starts at {a}, before the shot before it ended at {prev_end}: {sp:?}");
+                prev_end = *b;
+                if head == "Пуск" || head == "Сближение" {
+                    assert!(*a >= launch as f64 - 1e-9 && *b <= kill as f64, "{launch}->{kill}: {head} {a}..{b} outside the flight");
+                }
+            }
+            // The launch comes before the close-up of the kill, which holds the kill itself.
+            let close = sp.iter().position(|s| s.0 == "Поражение цели").expect("close-up");
+            assert!(sp[..close].iter().all(|s| s.2 <= kill as f64 + 1e-9), "{launch}->{kill}: {sp:?}");
+            assert!(sp[close].2 >= kill as f64 || sp[close].2 >= len as f64 - 1.0, "{launch}->{kill}: {sp:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_second_event_does_not_run_the_film_back() {
+        let rec = intercept(600, 100, 300, true);
+        // The previous event's last shot ended late: this one starts there.
+        let sp = spans(&rec, 180.0);
+        assert!(sp.iter().all(|s| s.1 >= 180.0 - 1e-9), "{sp:?}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/airdef-mod/src/lib.rs b/airdef-mod/src/lib.rs
index a96d131..641ab9b 100644
--- a/airdef-mod/src/lib.rs
+++ b/airdef-mod/src/lib.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ struct AirDef {
     export: Option<Export>,
     /// The effects preset a film replaced: (shader, hd).
     film_prev: Option<(bool, bool)>,
+    /// Counts the replay/film sessions started; an export belongs to the one it began with.
+    session: u64,
     /// The world drawn beyond the render distance (replays and cameras see far off).
     far: bool,
     /// The game's log of block changes (`render.world-log-start`): a replay shows the world as
@@ -130,11 +132,22 @@ enum Stage {
     Finishing,
 }
 struct Export {
+    /// The session (`AirDef::session`) whose film this export records.
+    session: u64,
     opts: ExportOpts,
     stage: Stage,
     ticks: u32,
 }
 
+/// Whether a replay or film may be started now: not while an export records (stop it first).
+fn switch_allowed(exporting: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
+    if exporting {
+        Err("Экспорт идёт: дождитесь конца или /airdef replay stop".into())
+    } else {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 /// A sound heard later: when, what, where, and how loud and high it was.
 struct PendingSound {
     due: u64,
@@ -426,13 +439,18 @@ impl AirDef {
     /// The searchlights' spot lights (HD): a cone from the head along its real direction, as far
     /// as the beam runs free; at most 16, the renderer draws the nearest.
     fn spots(&self) -> Vec<SpotLight> {
-        if self.shown().replay {
-            return Vec::new();
-        }
-        self.sim
-            .sams
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|s| s.spot_beam())
+        let shown = self.shown();
+        // A replay lights with the recording's searchlights, where and as they pointed.
+        let beams: Vec<sim::lights::Beam> = if shown.replay {
+            match self.replay.as_ref().and_then(|r| self.sim.replay(r.rec).map(|rec| rec.beams(f64::from(shown.now)))) {
+                Some(b) => b,
+                None => Vec::new(),
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.sim.sams.iter().filter_map(|s| s.spot_beam()).collect()
+        };
+        beams
+            .into_iter()
             .take(16)
             .map(|b| SpotLight {
                 id: b.id,
@@ -536,13 +554,11 @@ impl AirDef {
         if !shown.replay {
             return (self.sim.tick as f64, self.smoke.segments(&self.sim));
         }
-        let blasts = std::mem::replace(&mut self.sim.blasts, shown.blasts);
-        let fires = std::mem::take(&mut self.sim.fires.list);
-        let tick = std::mem::replace(&mut self.sim.tick, shown.now as u64);
-        let segments = smoke::Smoke::default().segments(&self.sim);
-        self.sim.blasts = blasts;
-        self.sim.fires.list = fires;
-        self.sim.tick = tick;
+        // The recording alone, as a function of its time: the live Sim is not touched.
+        let segments = match self.sim.replay(self.replay.as_ref().map_or(0, |r| r.rec)) {
+            Some(rec) => smoke::replay_smoke(rec, f64::from(shown.now)),
+            None => Vec::new(),
+        };
         (f64::from(shown.now), segments)
     }
 
@@ -962,6 +978,7 @@ impl AirDef {
 
     /// Plays the last recorded raid: "map", "full", "reel" or (with `event`) a clip.
     fn start_replay(&mut self, what: &str, event: Option<usize>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        switch_allowed(self.export.is_some())?;
         let n = self.sim.replays.len();
         if n == 0 {
             return Err("Повторов пока нет: запишется первый же налёт (когда небо очистится)".into());
@@ -980,7 +997,11 @@ impl AirDef {
             _ => replay::Mode::Map,
         };
         self.say_block_log(rec);
-        self.replay = Some(replay::Player::new(rec.number, mode, &self.sim));
+        let player = replay::Player::new(rec.number, mode, &self.sim);
+        // A film (its quality and effects) or another replay ends properly before this one.
+        self.end_session();
+        self.session += 1;
+        self.replay = Some(player);
         self.grid = false;
         input::claim_wheel(true);
         Ok(())
@@ -991,6 +1012,12 @@ impl AirDef {
             render::capture_stop(true);
             say("Экспорт отменён");
         }
+        self.end_session();
+    }
+
+    /// Ends whatever replay or film shows, on every path: the film quality, the effects, the
+    /// clean HUD, the views and the time and camera overrides go back to the live game's.
+    fn end_session(&mut self) {
         render::set_film_quality(false);
         if let Some((shader, hd)) = self.film_prev.take() {
             self.set_effects(shader, hd);
@@ -1007,6 +1034,9 @@ impl AirDef {
 
     /// Plays the director's film of the last raid at the best quality: HD effects on (restored after).
     fn start_film(&mut self, which: &str, export: Option<&ExportOpts>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if export.is_none() {
+            switch_allowed(self.export.is_some())?;
+        }
         let n = self.sim.replays.len();
         if n == 0 {
             return Err("Повторов пока нет: запишется первый же налёт (когда небо очистится)".into());
@@ -1025,6 +1055,9 @@ impl AirDef {
             player.clean = true;
             player.limit = o.seconds;
         }
+        // What was shown ends first (its effects are remembered below, not lost).
+        self.end_session();
+        self.session += 1;
         self.replay = Some(player);
         self.grid = false;
         input::claim_wheel(true);
@@ -1068,13 +1101,20 @@ impl AirDef {
         let which = o.which.clone();
         self.start_film(&which, Some(&o))?;
         say(&format!("Экспорт «{}»: {} fps, {}x{}; планирую кадры…", o.name, o.fps, o.size.0, o.size.1));
-        self.export = Some(Export { opts: o, stage: Stage::Planning, ticks: 0 });
+        self.export = Some(Export { session: self.session, opts: o, stage: Stage::Planning, ticks: 0 });
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Drives an export: plan, start the recorder, wait for its first frame, report, stop at the end.
     fn export_step(&mut self, r: &mut replay::Player) {
         let Some(ex) = &mut self.export else { return };
+        if ex.session != self.session {
+            // The film this export recorded was replaced: the recorder stops, nothing else drives it.
+            render::capture_stop(true);
+            self.export = None;
+            say("Экспорт отменён: показ заменён другим");
+            return;
+        }
         ex.ticks += 1;
         let st = render::capture_status();
         let failed = |s: &render::CaptureState| s.phase == render::CapturePhase::Failed;
@@ -1349,6 +1389,7 @@ impl Mod for AirDef {
             time_view: false,
             export: None,
             film_prev: None,
+            session: 0,
             smoke: Default::default(),
             far: true,
             moving: None,
@@ -1913,3 +1954,15 @@ impl Mod for AirDef {
 }
 
 horizon_mod_sdk::export_mod!(AirDef);
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// #83: while an export records no other replay or film replaces it; after it, they may.
+    #[test]
+    fn nothing_replaces_a_running_export() {
+        assert!(switch_allowed(true).is_err());
+        assert!(switch_allowed(false).is_ok());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/airdef-mod/src/replay.rs b/airdef-mod/src/replay.rs
index 91961db..d474a1c 100644
--- a/airdef-mod/src/replay.rs
+++ b/airdef-mod/src/replay.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@ use crate::sim::{Class, DroneKind, Out, Sim};
 use glam::DVec3;
 use horizon_mod_sdk::render::{CameraView, FillShape, Point, QuadShape, Rect, Shape, TextShape};
 
+/// Metres the camera keeps above the surface (land or water) it stands over.
+const SURFACE_CLEAR: f64 = 2.5;
+
+/// `eye` lifted above the surface under it (`Ground::land_state`: unanswered or no land: unchanged).
+fn above_surface(eye: DVec3, land: Option<Option<f64>>) -> DVec3 {
+    match land {
+        Some(Some(h)) if eye.y < h + SURFACE_CLEAR => DVec3::new(eye.x, h + SURFACE_CLEAR, eye.z),
+        _ => eye,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Ghost models' ids, clear of the live ones.
 const GHOSTS: u32 = 0x5000_0000;
 /// The camera view's id (a new one each cut, so the game doesn't sweep between shots).
@@ -419,7 +430,7 @@ impl Player {
             return;
         }
         sim.draw_ghosts(rec, self.t, GHOSTS, out);
-        self.direct(rec);
+        self.direct(rec, ground);
         self.sounds(rec, listener, out);
     }
 
@@ -565,7 +576,7 @@ impl Player {
     }
 
     /// The event the camera films now: (eye, look, fov, shot).
-    fn shoot(&mut self, rec: &Recording, i: usize) -> (DVec3, DVec3, f32, u8) {
+    fn shoot(&mut self, rec: &Recording, i: usize, ground: &mut Ground) -> (DVec3, DVec3, f32, u8) {
         let e = rec.events[i];
         let t = self.t;
         let te = e.at as f64;
@@ -602,6 +613,10 @@ impl Player {
                     None => {
                         // A gun kill, from the gun.
                         let at = rec.sam(sam).map_or(e.pos + DVec3::Y * 20.0, |s| s.1 + DVec3::Y * 4.0);
+                        // A system on the sea floor (or a lake's) must not film from under the water:
+                        // the game's ground height is the top of the highest block that blocks motion
+                        // or holds a fluid, i.e. the water's surface there.
+                        let at = above_surface(at, ground.land_state(at));
                         let dist = target.distance(at).max(1.0);
                         let fov = (2.0 * (10.0 / dist).atan()).to_degrees().clamp(6.0, 60.0) as f32;
                         (at, target, fov, 1)
@@ -630,7 +645,7 @@ impl Player {
     }
 
     /// Chooses the shot and moves the camera; a new shot is a cut.
-    fn direct(&mut self, rec: &Recording) {
+    fn direct(&mut self, rec: &Recording, ground: &mut Ground) {
         let focus = match &self.mode {
             Mode::Clips { list, at, .. } => Some(list[*at].event),
             // The full replay follows what comes next: the next event within 6 s, else the drone
@@ -644,7 +659,7 @@ impl Player {
         };
         let (eye, look, fov, shot) = match focus {
             Some(i) => {
-                let s = self.shoot(rec, i);
+                let s = self.shoot(rec, i, ground);
                 (s.0, s.1, s.2, (i, s.3))
             }
             None => {
@@ -957,3 +972,21 @@ impl Player {
         Mode::Clips { list: vec![clip(rec, i)], at: 0, reel: false }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod surface_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// A gun standing on the sea floor films from above the water, not from under it.
+    #[test]
+    fn the_gun_camera_is_lifted_above_the_water() {
+        let eye = DVec3::new(10.0, 44.0, 5.0); // 4 above a Gepard on the floor at 40
+        let lifted = above_surface(eye, Some(Some(62.0))); // the surface
+        assert!(lifted.y >= 62.0 + SURFACE_CLEAR - 1e-9);
+        assert_eq!((lifted.x, lifted.z), (10.0, 5.0));
+        // On dry land, or with no answer yet, the camera stays where it was.
+        assert_eq!(above_surface(DVec3::new(0.0, 74.0, 0.0), Some(Some(70.0))), DVec3::new(0.0, 74.0, 0.0));
+        assert_eq!(above_surface(eye, None), eye);
+        assert_eq!(above_surface(eye, Some(None)), eye);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/airdef-mod/src/sim/record.rs b/airdef-mod/src/sim/record.rs
index a0e0da6..8e85a8e 100644
--- a/airdef-mod/src/sim/record.rs
+++ b/airdef-mod/src/sim/record.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ pub struct SamKey {
     pitch: f32,
     /// The antenna's turn.
     dish: f32,
+    /// A searchlight's beam: how far it runs free (to 8 blocks), 0 when it is off.
+    beam: f32,
 }
 
 impl SamKey {
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ impl SamKey {
             yaw: sam.yaw as f32,
             pitch: sam.pitch as f32,
             dish: sam.dish as f32,
+            beam: if sam.beam_on { ((sam.beam_free / 8.0).round() * 8.0).max(8.0) as f32 } else { 0.0 },
         }
     }
     /// The same pose (to within what could be seen).
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ impl SamKey {
             && near(self.yaw, o.yaw, 0.002)
             && near(self.pitch, o.pitch, 0.002)
             && near(self.dish, o.dish, 0.002)
+            && self.beam == o.beam
     }
 }
 
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ impl SamTrack {
             yaw: turn(a.yaw, b.yaw, f),
             pitch: l(a.pitch, b.pitch),
             dish: turn(a.dish, b.dish, f),
+            beam: a.beam,
         })
     }
     /// The system as it stood at `t`, as a ghost to draw with the ids from `id`.
@@ -89,11 +94,54 @@ impl SamTrack {
         sam.yaw = k.yaw as f64;
         sam.pitch = k.pitch as f64;
         sam.dish = k.dish as f64;
+        sam.beam_on = k.beam > 0.0;
+        sam.beam_free = k.beam as f64;
         sam.health = if self.lost.is_some_and(|l| t >= l as f64) { 0.0 } else { 1.0 };
         Some(sam)
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl Recording {
+    /// A recording of `len` ticks with nothing in it (for the planner's tests).
+    pub(crate) fn blank(len: u32) -> Self {
+        Recording {
+            number: 1,
+            origin: DVec3::ZERO,
+            len,
+            tracks: Vec::new(),
+            index: HashMap::new(),
+            events: Vec::new(),
+            tally: Tally::default(),
+            sams: Vec::new(),
+            objects: Vec::new(),
+            sam_tracks: Vec::new(),
+            sam_index: HashMap::new(),
+            ticks: Vec::new(),
+            times: Vec::new(),
+            quiet: 0,
+        }
+    }
+    /// A straight track from `from` to `to` over the ticks `first..=last` (every `STEP`).
+    pub(crate) fn straight(&mut self, id: u32, what: What, first: u32, last: u32, from: DVec3, to: DVec3) {
+        let n = ((last - first) / STEP).max(1) as usize;
+        let points = (0..=n).map(|k| {
+            let p = from.lerp(to, k as f64 / n as f64);
+            [p.x as f32, p.y as f32, p.z as f32]
+        });
+        self.index.insert(id, self.tracks.len());
+        self.tracks.push(Track { id, what, first, points: points.collect(), fell: None });
+    }
+}
+
+impl Recording {
+    /// The searchlights' beams at `t` as the recording had them (position and direction from the
+    /// recorded poses, none for a lost light), never the live state.
+    pub fn beams(&self, t: f64) -> Vec<lights::Beam> {
+        self.sam_tracks.iter().filter_map(|st| st.ghost(self.origin, t, st.id)?.spot_beam()).collect()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Ticks between a track's points.
 pub const STEP: u32 = 2;
 /// The longest recording (10 minutes) and how many are kept.
@@ -244,6 +292,10 @@ impl Track {
             _ => DVec3::NEG_Z,
         }
     }
+    /// Its `i`-th point (every `STEP` ticks from `first`), if it has one.
+    pub fn sample(&self, origin: DVec3, i: usize) -> Option<DVec3> {
+        self.points.get(i).map(|q| origin + DVec3::new(q[0] as f64, q[1] as f64, q[2] as f64))
+    }
     /// The tick of its last point.
     pub fn last(&self) -> u32 {
         self.first + (self.points.len().max(1) as u32 - 1) * STEP
@@ -587,6 +639,13 @@ impl Sim {
                 units::draw_sam_model(&ghost, &mut rng, out);
             }
         }
+        // The protected objects as marked in the raid (struck ones shrink), not the live ones.
+        for (i, p) in rec.objects.iter().enumerate() {
+            let struck = rec.events.iter().any(|e| e.at as f64 <= t && matches!(e.kind, EventKind::Hit { object: Some(o), .. } if o == i));
+            let bob = (t * 0.1 + i as f64).sin() * 0.25;
+            let rot = DQuat::from_rotation_y(t * 0.08);
+            out.model(base + 0x00e0_0000 + i as u32 * PARTS, "airdef:target", *p + DVec3::Y * (1.6 + bob), rot, if struck { 0.4 } else { 0.8 }, true);
+        }
         // Fires: what the events left burning (the flames dim and the smoke thickens with time),
         // out when their life ends.
         for f in replay_fires(rec, t) {
@@ -673,6 +732,32 @@ mod tests {
         assert!((pose(100.0).pos[0] - 4.0).abs() < 1e-6);
     }
 
+    // #76: a replay's searchlights point where the recording had them, from the recorded pose.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_replay_has_the_recorded_searchlight_beams() {
+        let mut r = recording();
+        let mut light = Sam::new(9, SamKind::Light, DVec3::new(10.0, 64.0, 0.0), 0.0);
+        light.beam_on = true;
+        light.beam_free = 300.0;
+        light.yaw = 1.0;
+        light.pitch = 0.8;
+        r.note_sams(&[light], 0);
+        // Swung round and switched off later.
+        let mut later = Sam::new(9, SamKind::Light, DVec3::new(10.0, 64.0, 0.0), 0.0);
+        later.yaw = 2.0;
+        later.pitch = 0.8;
+        r.note_sams(&[later], 100);
+        assert!(r.beams(-1.0).is_empty(), "nothing before it was seen");
+        let b = r.beams(0.0);
+        assert_eq!(b.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(b[0].id, 9);
+        assert!((b[0].free - 304.0).abs() < 1e-6 || (b[0].free - 296.0).abs() < 1e-6, "free {}", b[0].free);
+        assert!(b[0].dir.y > 0.5, "pointing up: {:?}", b[0].dir);
+        assert!(r.beams(100.0).is_empty(), "switched off");
+        r.sam_tracks[0].lost = Some(50);
+        assert!(r.beams(10.0).len() == 1 && r.beams(60.0).is_empty(), "a lost light has no beam");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn a_system_first_seen_later_is_not_drawn_before() {
         let mut r = recording();
diff --git a/airdef-mod/src/sim/regress.rs b/airdef-mod/src/sim/regress.rs
index d0cb50b..0afa4e7 100644
--- a/airdef-mod/src/sim/regress.rs
+++ b/airdef-mod/src/sim/regress.rs
@@ -654,6 +654,69 @@ fn replay_fires_and_blasts_follow_the_recording() {
     assert!(record::replay_blasts(&rec, 10.0 + a[0].life as f64).is_empty(), "burnt out");
 }
 
+// #78: a replay's smoke is rebuilt from the recording as a function of its time: trails behind
+// what flew (clearing the fog), a column over the fire, billows that outlive the fireball; a seek
+// shows what playing through shows, and the live Sim is not touched.
+#[test]
+fn replay_smoke_has_trails_and_fire_columns_and_is_a_function_of_time() {
+    use record::{Event, EventKind};
+    let mut sim = Sim::new(1);
+    sim.add_drone(DroneKind::Geran3, DVec3::new(0.0, 80.0, 0.0), DVec3::Z, DVec3::new(0.0, 70.0, 2000.0));
+    sim.add_drone(DroneKind::Geran3, DVec3::new(30.0, 80.0, 0.0), DVec3::Z, DVec3::new(30.0, 70.0, 2000.0));
+    let mut g = Ground::default();
+    let mut out = Out::default();
+    for _ in 0..160 {
+        sim.step(&mut g, None, &mut out);
+    }
+    let mut rec = sim.rec.take().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rec.tracks.len(), 2);
+    rec.events = vec![Event { at: 40, pos: DVec3::new(5.0, 70.0, 5.0), kind: EventKind::Hit { drone: 1, kind: DroneKind::Geran3, power: 2, object: None, sam: None } }];
+    let live_tick = sim.tick;
+    let live_fires = sim.fires.list.len();
+    let t = 130.0;
+    let a = crate::smoke::replay_smoke(&rec, t);
+    let trails = a.iter().filter(|s| s.clear > 0.0).count();
+    let columns = a.iter().filter(|s| s.soot > 0.8).count();
+    let billows = a.iter().filter(|s| s.soot == 0.55).count();
+    assert!(trails > 0, "trails of both tracks: {trails}");
+    assert!(columns > 0, "a column over the fire: {columns}");
+    assert!(billows > 0, "the blast's billows");
+    // Seeking away and back, or forward from nothing, gives the same smoke.
+    let _ = crate::smoke::replay_smoke(&rec, 10.0);
+    let _ = crate::smoke::replay_smoke(&rec, 155.0);
+    let b = crate::smoke::replay_smoke(&rec, t);
+    assert_eq!(a.iter().map(|s| (s.id, s.born as u64)).collect::<Vec<_>>(), b.iter().map(|s| (s.id, s.born as u64)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    // Nothing from the future; before the raid, nothing.
+    assert!(a.iter().all(|s| s.born <= t));
+    assert!(crate::smoke::replay_smoke(&rec, -5.0).is_empty());
+    // The billows go on long after the short fireball is out.
+    let late = crate::smoke::replay_smoke(&rec, 400.0);
+    assert!(late.iter().any(|s| s.soot == 0.55));
+    // The live state is not touched.
+    assert_eq!((sim.tick, sim.fires.list.len()), (live_tick, live_fires));
+}
+
+// #76: the protected objects of a replay are the recording's, not the live marks.
+#[test]
+fn a_replay_draws_the_recorded_objects_not_the_live_ones() {
+    let mut sim = Sim::new(1);
+    sim.targets.push(DVec3::new(0.0, 70.0, 0.0));
+    sim.target_health.push(100.0);
+    sim.add_drone(DroneKind::Geran3, DVec3::new(0.0, 80.0, 0.0), DVec3::Z, DVec3::new(0.0, 70.0, 500.0));
+    let mut g = Ground::default();
+    let mut out = Out::default();
+    sim.step(&mut g, None, &mut out);
+    let rec = sim.rec.take().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rec.objects.len(), 1);
+    // The live mark is moved away after the raid; the replay still shows it where it was.
+    sim.targets[0] = DVec3::new(900.0, 70.0, 900.0);
+    let mut shown = Out::default();
+    sim.draw_ghosts(&rec, 0.0, 0x1000, &mut shown);
+    let marks: Vec<_> = shown.models.iter().filter(|m| m.name == "airdef:target").collect();
+    assert_eq!(marks.len(), 1);
+    assert!(marks[0].at.x.abs() < 1.0 && marks[0].at.z.abs() < 1.0, "{:?}", marks[0].at);
+}
+
 fn sim_first(r: &record::Recording) -> u64 {
     r.tracks.first().map_or(0, |t| t.first as u64)
 }
diff --git a/airdef-mod/src/smoke.rs b/airdef-mod/src/smoke.rs
index 2cb7920..320d50b 100644
--- a/airdef-mod/src/smoke.rs
+++ b/airdef-mod/src/smoke.rs
@@ -47,6 +47,150 @@ fn seg(id: u32, a: DVec3, b: DVec3, born: u64, life: u32) -> SmokeSegment {
     }
 }
 
+
+/// The column over one fire up to `tick`: a puff every 15 ticks (90 for the weaker fires) that
+/// rises, spreads and thins. A pure function of the tick.
+fn fire_column(out: &mut Vec<SmokeSegment>, fire_id: u32, at: DVec3, start: u64, size: f32, shown: bool, tick: u64, level: &dyn Fn(u64) -> (f32, f32)) {
+    // Only the strongest fires get a full column; the rest a thin puff now and then.
+    let step = if shown { 15 } else { 90 };
+    let first = start.max(tick.saturating_sub(520));
+    let mut k = first.div_ceil(step) * step;
+    while k <= tick && out.len() < MAX_TOTAL {
+        let (flame, smoke) = level(k);
+        if smoke > 0.05 && k >= start {
+            let id = 0x4000_0000 | (fire_id.wrapping_mul(131) ^ (k / step) as u32) & 0x3fff_ffff;
+            let at = at + DVec3::Y * 0.6;
+            let mut s = seg(id, at, at, k, 540);
+            s.radius_start = 1.0 * size;
+            s.radius_end = 8.0 * size + 2.0;
+            s.density = 2.6 * smoke * size.sqrt() * if shown { 1.0 } else { 0.5 };
+            s.heat = flame * 0.6;
+            s.soot = 0.85;
+            s.rise = 2.6;
+            out.push(s);
+        }
+        k += step;
+    }
+}
+
+/// Blasts: a billow of puffs going up, for 900 ticks after each.
+fn blast_billows(out: &mut Vec<SmokeSegment>, blasts: &[crate::sim::Blast], tick: u64) {
+    for b in blasts {
+        let age = tick.saturating_sub(b.start);
+        if age > 900 {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for j in 0..6u64 {
+            let born = b.start + j * 3;
+            if born > tick {
+                break;
+            }
+            let h = b.size as f64 * (0.2 + 0.5 * j as f64);
+            let at = b.at + DVec3::Y * h;
+            let mut s = seg(0x5000_0000 | (b.id.wrapping_mul(7) + j as u32) & 0x0fff_ffff, at, at, born, 800);
+            s.radius_start = b.size * 0.6;
+            s.radius_end = b.size * 3.2 + 4.0;
+            s.density = 2.4 / (1.0 + j as f32 * 0.25);
+            s.heat = if j < 3 { 1.0 } else { 0.4 };
+            s.soot = 0.55;
+            s.rise = 4.0 - 0.3 * j as f32;
+            out.push(s);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn style_drone(s: &mut SmokeSegment, class: Class) {
+    let (r0, r1, dens, heat, soot, clear, life): (f32, f32, f32, f32, f32, f32, f32) = match class {
+        Class::Drone => (0.9, 5.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.45, 3.0, 1200.0),
+        Class::Jet | Class::Cruise => (1.1, 7.0, 2.5, 0.15, 0.35, 4.0, 1300.0),
+        Class::Supersonic => (1.4, 9.0, 3.2, 0.5, 0.2, 5.0, 1300.0),
+        Class::Ballistic => (2.0, 13.0, 4.0, 0.7, 0.15, 7.0, 1500.0),
+    };
+    s.radius_start = r0;
+    s.radius_end = r1;
+    s.density = dens;
+    s.heat = heat;
+    s.soot = soot;
+    s.clear = clear;
+    s.life = life;
+}
+
+fn style_missile(s: &mut SmokeSegment) {
+    s.radius_start = 0.6;
+    s.radius_end = 5.0;
+    s.density = 3.0;
+    s.heat = 0.8;
+    s.soot = 0.05;
+    s.clear = 3.0;
+    s.life = 1000.0;
+}
+
+/// Points between a replay trail segment's ends (a segment every `TRAIL_GRID * STEP` ticks).
+const TRAIL_GRID: usize = 4;
+
+/// The smoke a recording shows at its tick `t`: trails behind everything that flew, columns over
+/// the fires its events lit, billows over its blasts. A pure function of `t` (nothing is kept
+/// between calls, so a seek, a pause or a cut shows exactly what playing through would), and it
+/// touches no live state. Trail segments sit on a fixed grid of each track's points.
+pub fn replay_smoke(rec: &crate::sim::record::Recording, t: f64) -> Vec<SmokeSegment> {
+    use crate::sim::record::{STEP, What};
+    let tick = t.max(0.0) as u64;
+    let mut out: Vec<SmokeSegment> = Vec::new();
+    let stride = (TRAIL_GRID as u32 * STEP) as f64;
+    for (n, tr) in rec.tracks.iter().enumerate() {
+        let (life, style): (f64, Box<dyn Fn(&mut SmokeSegment)>) = match tr.what {
+            What::Drone(kind) => {
+                let class = kind.spec().class;
+                let mut probe = seg(0, DVec3::ZERO, DVec3::ZERO, 0, 0);
+                style_drone(&mut probe, class);
+                (probe.life as f64, Box::new(move |s| style_drone(s, class)))
+            }
+            What::Missile(..) => (1000.0, Box::new(style_missile)),
+        };
+        // The segments whose end point has been reached and whose life is not over.
+        let lo = (((t - life - tr.first as f64) / stride).floor().max(0.0)) as usize;
+        let hi = (((t - tr.first as f64) / stride).floor().max(0.0)) as usize;
+        for g in lo.max(1)..=hi {
+            let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (tr.sample(rec.origin, (g - 1) * TRAIL_GRID), tr.sample(rec.origin, g * TRAIL_GRID)) else { break };
+            let born = tr.first as u64 + (g * TRAIL_GRID) as u64 * STEP as u64;
+            if born > tick || a.distance(b) >= 400.0 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut s = seg(0x2000_0000 | ((n as u32).wrapping_mul(7919) ^ g as u32) & 0x0fff_ffff, a, b, born, 1200);
+            style(&mut s);
+            if (tick as f64) < born as f64 + s.life as f64 {
+                out.push(s);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if out.len() > MAX_TRAIL {
+        out.sort_by_key(|s| s.born as u64);
+        let cut = out.len() - MAX_TRAIL;
+        out.drain(..cut);
+    }
+    // Fires, the strongest dozen in full (as the live ones are).
+    let mut fires = crate::sim::record::replay_fires(rec, t);
+    fires.sort_by(|a, b| b.size.total_cmp(&a.size).then(a.start.cmp(&b.start)));
+    for (rank, f) in fires.iter().enumerate() {
+        let life = f.life as f64;
+        fire_column(&mut out, 0x1000_0000 | f.key as u32, f.at, f.start as u64, f.size, rank < crate::sim::fires::MAX, tick, &|k| crate::sim::fires::level(k.saturating_sub(f.start as u64) as f64, life));
+    }
+    // Blasts keep their billows long after the fireball is out.
+    let blasts: Vec<crate::sim::Blast> = rec
+        .events
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, e)| e.at as u64 <= tick)
+        .map(|(k, e)| {
+            let (size, life) = crate::sim::record::blast_spec(e.kind);
+            crate::sim::Blast { id: 0x4000_0000 | k as u32, at: e.pos, size, start: e.at as u64, life }
+        })
+        .collect();
+    blast_billows(&mut out, &blasts, tick);
+    out.truncate(MAX_TOTAL);
+    out
+}
+
 impl Smoke {
     fn trail(&mut self, key: (u8, u32), at: DVec3, tick: u64, style: impl Fn(&mut SmokeSegment)) {
         let Some(&(from, when)) = self.last.get(&key) else {
@@ -76,32 +220,10 @@ impl Smoke {
         self.last_tick = tick;
         for d in &sim.drones {
             let class = d.kind.spec().class;
-            let (r0, r1, dens, heat, soot, clear, life): (f32, f32, f32, f32, f32, f32, f32) = match class {
-                Class::Drone => (0.9, 5.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.45, 3.0, 1200.0),
-                Class::Jet | Class::Cruise => (1.1, 7.0, 2.5, 0.15, 0.35, 4.0, 1300.0),
-                Class::Supersonic => (1.4, 9.0, 3.2, 0.5, 0.2, 5.0, 1300.0),
-                Class::Ballistic => (2.0, 13.0, 4.0, 0.7, 0.15, 7.0, 1500.0),
-            };
-            self.trail((0, d.id), d.pos, tick, |s| {
-                s.radius_start = r0;
-                s.radius_end = r1;
-                s.density = dens;
-                s.heat = heat;
-                s.soot = soot;
-                s.clear = clear;
-                s.life = life;
-            });
+            self.trail((0, d.id), d.pos, tick, |s| style_drone(s, class));
         }
         for m in &sim.missiles {
-            self.trail((1, m.id), m.pos, tick, |s| {
-                s.radius_start = 0.6;
-                s.radius_end = 5.0;
-                s.density = 3.0;
-                s.heat = 0.8;
-                s.soot = 0.05;
-                s.clear = 3.0;
-                s.life = 1000.0;
-            });
+            self.trail((1, m.id), m.pos, tick, style_missile);
         }
         // Forget what is gone.
         if tick % 100 == 0 {
@@ -129,50 +251,9 @@ impl Smoke {
             if f.quiet && f.size < 1.0 {
                 continue;
             }
-            // Only the strongest fires get a full column; the rest a thin puff now and then.
-            let step = if f.shown { 15 } else { 90 };
-            let first = f.start.max(tick.saturating_sub(520));
-            let mut k = first.div_ceil(step) * step;
-            while k <= tick && out.len() < MAX_TOTAL {
-                let (flame, smoke) = f.level(k);
-                if smoke > 0.05 && k >= f.start {
-                    let id = 0x4000_0000 | (f.id.wrapping_mul(131) ^ (k / step) as u32) & 0x3fff_ffff;
-                    let at = f.at + DVec3::Y * 0.6;
-                    let mut s = seg(id, at, at, k, 540);
-                    s.radius_start = 1.0 * f.size;
-                    s.radius_end = 8.0 * f.size + 2.0;
-                    s.density = 2.6 * smoke * f.size.sqrt() * if f.shown { 1.0 } else { 0.5 };
-                    s.heat = flame * 0.6;
-                    s.soot = 0.85;
-                    s.rise = 2.6;
-                    out.push(s);
-                }
-                k += step;
-            }
-        }
-        // Blasts: a billow of puffs going up.
-        for b in &sim.blasts {
-            let age = tick.saturating_sub(b.start);
-            if age > 900 {
-                continue;
-            }
-            for j in 0..6u64 {
-                let born = b.start + j * 3;
-                if born > tick {
-                    break;
-                }
-                let h = b.size as f64 * (0.2 + 0.5 * j as f64);
-                let at = b.at + DVec3::Y * h;
-                let mut s = seg(0x5000_0000 | (b.id.wrapping_mul(7) + j as u32) & 0x0fff_ffff, at, at, born, 800);
-                s.radius_start = b.size * 0.6;
-                s.radius_end = b.size * 3.2 + 4.0;
-                s.density = 2.4 / (1.0 + j as f32 * 0.25);
-                s.heat = if j < 3 { 1.0 } else { 0.4 };
-                s.soot = 0.55;
-                s.rise = 4.0 - 0.3 * j as f32;
-                out.push(s);
-            }
+            fire_column(&mut out, f.id, f.at, f.start, f.size, f.shown, tick, &|k| f.level(k));
         }
+        blast_billows(&mut out, &sim.blasts, tick);
         out.truncate(MAX_TOTAL);
         out
     }
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0001-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-world-models-client-particles-so.patch b/horizon-patches/0001-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-world-models-client-particles-so.patch
index 84ba3f0..3cc004f 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0001-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-world-models-client-particles-so.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0001-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-world-models-client-particles-so.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 3de7a6875140a107e28563cc44489b55f5794517 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:37:45 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 01/34] Mod API (AirDef fork): world models, client particles,
+Subject: [PATCH 01/35] Mod API (AirDef fork): world models, client particles,
  sounds, ground heights
 
 render.set-models draws block models with an interpolated pose per id;
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0002-cargo-horizon-mod-report-particles-and-sounds.patch b/horizon-patches/0002-cargo-horizon-mod-report-particles-and-sounds.patch
index ad93fe8..e6b85a5 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0002-cargo-horizon-mod-report-particles-and-sounds.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0002-cargo-horizon-mod-report-particles-and-sounds.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From a6d64e6415bf618539af464e521091e72b72d72f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:39:45 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 02/34] cargo-horizon-mod: report particles and sounds
+Subject: [PATCH 02/35] cargo-horizon-mod: report particles and sounds
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 ---
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0003-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-full-screen-post-pass-for-mods.patch b/horizon-patches/0003-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-full-screen-post-pass-for-mods.patch
index 1375f76..a75465c 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0003-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-full-screen-post-pass-for-mods.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0003-Mod-API-AirDef-fork-full-screen-post-pass-for-mods.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From ee79b3562feebe51959a01f1585a9e85bd53ccb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 13:33:10 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 03/34] Mod API (AirDef fork): full-screen post pass for mods
+Subject: [PATCH 03/35] Mod API (AirDef fork): full-screen post pass for mods
 
 render.set-post compiles a mod's WGSL after a prelude (camera matrices,
 time, 256 vec4 of params, the world's colour and depth) and runs it after
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0004-Mod-models-draw-far-models-as-scaled-impostors-past-.patch b/horizon-patches/0004-Mod-models-draw-far-models-as-scaled-impostors-past-.patch
index d2192b8..0bd624f 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0004-Mod-models-draw-far-models-as-scaled-impostors-past-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0004-Mod-models-draw-far-models-as-scaled-impostors-past-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 2b137dbbedd540daeebc7f5e387847aeb56a1355 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 22:09:30 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 04/34] Mod models: draw far models as scaled impostors past
+Subject: [PATCH 04/35] Mod models: draw far models as scaled impostors past
  the far plane, cull at 4096
 
 ---
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0005-Mod-cameras-render.set-views-draws-the-world-from-ot.patch b/horizon-patches/0005-Mod-cameras-render.set-views-draws-the-world-from-ot.patch
index 8d5e970..aba161b 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0005-Mod-cameras-render.set-views-draws-the-world-from-ot.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0005-Mod-cameras-render.set-views-draws-the-world-from-ot.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From c8ebca6e0af68630e65211844b34d25c5b985c03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 22:31:00 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 05/34] Mod cameras: render.set-views draws the world from
+Subject: [PATCH 05/35] Mod cameras: render.set-views draws the world from
  other points into pictures that HUD view shapes show (API level 9)
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0006-Mods-more-fuel-per-tick-and-per-event-AirDef-plans-r.patch b/horizon-patches/0006-Mods-more-fuel-per-tick-and-per-event-AirDef-plans-r.patch
index 0491340..22e6370 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0006-Mods-more-fuel-per-tick-and-per-event-AirDef-plans-r.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0006-Mods-more-fuel-per-tick-and-per-event-AirDef-plans-r.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 8d2261fc4f8072c32e454139cfea7a8c0cd9d664 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 23:08:21 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 06/34] Mods: more fuel per tick and per event (AirDef plans
+Subject: [PATCH 06/35] Mods: more fuel per tick and per event (AirDef plans
  raids)
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0007-Mod-cameras-up-to-1920x1080-full-screen-replays.patch b/horizon-patches/0007-Mod-cameras-up-to-1920x1080-full-screen-replays.patch
index f420210..ba9d89c 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0007-Mod-cameras-up-to-1920x1080-full-screen-replays.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0007-Mod-cameras-up-to-1920x1080-full-screen-replays.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 6c548de34def8e4a624d734243418090798bd16a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 23:25:29 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 07/34] Mod cameras up to 1920x1080 (full-screen replays)
+Subject: [PATCH 07/35] Mod cameras up to 1920x1080 (full-screen replays)
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 ---
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0008-Mod-cameras-distant-terrain-tiles-fog-measured-from-.patch b/horizon-patches/0008-Mod-cameras-distant-terrain-tiles-fog-measured-from-.patch
index 47cc31a..cc48487 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0008-Mod-cameras-distant-terrain-tiles-fog-measured-from-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0008-Mod-cameras-distant-terrain-tiles-fog-measured-from-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 9b9e93269d67401cc620567a884d5ce97f68d76e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 11:15:11 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 08/34] Mod cameras: distant terrain tiles, fog measured from
+Subject: [PATCH 08/35] Mod cameras: distant terrain tiles, fog measured from
  the camera, no impostors while one is shown
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0009-Mods-game.world-id-so-mods-keep-state-per-world-API-.patch b/horizon-patches/0009-Mods-game.world-id-so-mods-keep-state-per-world-API-.patch
index 5cfc420..63ff37c 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0009-Mods-game.world-id-so-mods-keep-state-per-world-API-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0009-Mods-game.world-id-so-mods-keep-state-per-world-API-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 065d9fa02966238a5bd9ff460392a1a809db0b11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 11:25:45 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 09/34] Mods: game.world-id, so mods keep state per world (API
+Subject: [PATCH 09/35] Mods: game.world-id, so mods keep state per world (API
  level 9)
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0010-cargo-horizon-mod-trial-runs-behind-feature-full-so-.patch b/horizon-patches/0010-cargo-horizon-mod-trial-runs-behind-feature-full-so-.patch
index 490f3dc..94ba7cd 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0010-cargo-horizon-mod-trial-runs-behind-feature-full-so-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0010-cargo-horizon-mod-trial-runs-behind-feature-full-so-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 1bf28135fd9a31f837323dc3a8d81ed73343d816 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:01:08 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 10/34] cargo-horizon-mod: trial runs behind feature full, so a
+Subject: [PATCH 10/35] cargo-horizon-mod: trial runs behind feature full, so a
  packing-only tool skips wasmtime
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0011-HD-lighting-G-buffer-pass-per-pixel-mod-point-lights.patch b/horizon-patches/0011-HD-lighting-G-buffer-pass-per-pixel-mod-point-lights.patch
index 37e160d..fe0cd30 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0011-HD-lighting-G-buffer-pass-per-pixel-mod-point-lights.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0011-HD-lighting-G-buffer-pass-per-pixel-mod-point-lights.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 0a56f5616df4699588cbcc529d4720661baa810f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 13:18:43 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 11/34] HD lighting: G-buffer pass, per-pixel mod point lights
+Subject: [PATCH 11/35] HD lighting: G-buffer pass, per-pixel mod point lights
  in HDR, bloom and tone curve; render.set-lights and render.set-lighting (API
  level 10)
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0012-HD-lighting-stage-2-sun-and-moon-shadow-cascades-the.patch b/horizon-patches/0012-HD-lighting-stage-2-sun-and-moon-shadow-cascades-the.patch
index 72a85c9..ce9009a 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0012-HD-lighting-stage-2-sun-and-moon-shadow-cascades-the.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0012-HD-lighting-stage-2-sun-and-moon-shadow-cascades-the.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 9ebf0031fe9ba6b7f02afb26e4fd3a1ba4ddb0d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 13:59:43 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 12/34] HD lighting stage 2: sun and moon shadow cascades, the
+Subject: [PATCH 12/35] HD lighting stage 2: sun and moon shadow cascades, the
  world relit (sun by face angle and shadow, sky and block light through the
  lightmap), light shafts and halos, fog over it again, a light colour grade
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0013-HD-bind-groups-cached-until-a-resize-or-a-new-source.patch b/horizon-patches/0013-HD-bind-groups-cached-until-a-resize-or-a-new-source.patch
index 10c1f48..fc577c2 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0013-HD-bind-groups-cached-until-a-resize-or-a-new-source.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0013-HD-bind-groups-cached-until-a-resize-or-a-new-source.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 7a5a38f68923aec62f10bfa0df50b436474ed612 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 16:19:53 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 13/34] HD: bind groups cached until a resize or a new source,
+Subject: [PATCH 13/35] HD: bind groups cached until a resize or a new source,
  shadow passes draw only the entities that cast shadows
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0014-HD-lights-culled-per-16x16-tile-surface-and-halo-lis.patch b/horizon-patches/0014-HD-lights-culled-per-16x16-tile-surface-and-halo-lis.patch
index b251e06..d680c0e 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0014-HD-lights-culled-per-16x16-tile-surface-and-halo-lis.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0014-HD-lights-culled-per-16x16-tile-surface-and-halo-lis.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 8020811e57d4b5a9ea1cd72d30ce859dc5095d35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 16:25:44 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 14/34] HD: lights culled per 16x16 tile (surface and halo
+Subject: [PATCH 14/35] HD: lights culled per 16x16 tile (surface and halo
  lists built on the CPU), a naga test for the lighting shaders
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0015-HD-GPU-time-per-pass-in-the-F3-timing-list-half-reso.patch b/horizon-patches/0015-HD-GPU-time-per-pass-in-the-F3-timing-list-half-reso.patch
index 01d1836..435dbb1 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0015-HD-GPU-time-per-pass-in-the-F3-timing-list-half-reso.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0015-HD-GPU-time-per-pass-in-the-F3-timing-list-half-reso.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 72d3fddfea329e578162656151350f0aa2efd323 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 16:43:36 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 15/34] HD: GPU time per pass in the F3 timing list,
+Subject: [PATCH 15/35] HD: GPU time per pass in the F3 timing list,
  half-resolution GTAO with a depth-aware blur
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0016-HD-shadows-draw-only-sun-facing-quads-and-skip-burie.patch b/horizon-patches/0016-HD-shadows-draw-only-sun-facing-quads-and-skip-burie.patch
index 21da0d0..6aa16a8 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0016-HD-shadows-draw-only-sun-facing-quads-and-skip-burie.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0016-HD-shadows-draw-only-sun-facing-quads-and-skip-burie.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 1fd83a821bf270879d8ece5aa583f200ed920d89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:02:02 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 16/34] HD: shadows draw only sun-facing quads and skip buried
+Subject: [PATCH 16/35] HD: shadows draw only sun-facing quads and skip buried
  sections, the far cascade every second frame; TAA (Halton jitter,
  reprojection by depth, YCoCg variance clipping) before bloom
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0017-Mods-model-handles-render.model-id-model-generation-.patch b/horizon-patches/0017-Mods-model-handles-render.model-id-model-generation-.patch
index aa62ccf..33ea6b6 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0017-Mods-model-handles-render.model-id-model-generation-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0017-Mods-model-handles-render.model-id-model-generation-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 1502d359d599228fe0f44ce6b99a3fded2ac5ea0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:02:02 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 17/34] Mods: model handles (render.model-id, model-generation,
+Subject: [PATCH 17/35] Mods: model handles (render.model-id, model-generation,
  set-models-by-id; API level 11) so mods send no model names each tick;
  clear-post and set-lighting documented
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0018-HD-temporal-upscaling-HORIZON_HD_SCALE-world-G-buffe.patch b/horizon-patches/0018-HD-temporal-upscaling-HORIZON_HD_SCALE-world-G-buffe.patch
index d5312ff..cff6449 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0018-HD-temporal-upscaling-HORIZON_HD_SCALE-world-G-buffe.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0018-HD-temporal-upscaling-HORIZON_HD_SCALE-world-G-buffe.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 0f9d99b8ad3e4b72e621d84c2396cf1d3d2b7a33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:19:57 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 18/34] HD: temporal upscaling (HORIZON_HD_SCALE: world,
+Subject: [PATCH 18/35] HD: temporal upscaling (HORIZON_HD_SCALE: world,
  G-buffer and lighting at a lower size, rebuilt to the window in the TAA
  pass); fix flickering shadows near the player (the near cascade lost its
  sections on frames the far one was held, the held far matrix ignored the
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0019-HD-water-its-own-pass-colour-normal-depth-the-floor-.patch b/horizon-patches/0019-HD-water-its-own-pass-colour-normal-depth-the-floor-.patch
index 84c6a24..c2f6b5d 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0019-HD-water-its-own-pass-colour-normal-depth-the-floor-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0019-HD-water-its-own-pass-colour-normal-depth-the-floor-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 38250c4392e27d5700842ca6ee47291dd1831b72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:47:52 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 19/34] HD water: its own pass (colour, normal, depth), the
+Subject: [PATCH 19/35] HD water: its own pass (colour, normal, depth), the
  floor under it lit, a composite with world-space waves, refraction with depth
  absorption in the biome colour, screen-space reflections, Fresnel and a
  shadowed sun glint (HORIZON_HD_WATER=0 to switch off)
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0020-HD-water-no-vanilla-texture-on-the-surface-the-biome.patch b/horizon-patches/0020-HD-water-no-vanilla-texture-on-the-surface-the-biome.patch
index 105714c..450cc1a 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0020-HD-water-no-vanilla-texture-on-the-surface-the-biome.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0020-HD-water-no-vanilla-texture-on-the-surface-the-biome.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From dbc6f8a6e9c2eeabe1de15f1794013c90be7faa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:56:04 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 20/34] HD water: no vanilla texture on the surface (the biome
+Subject: [PATCH 20/35] HD water: no vanilla texture on the surface (the biome
  colour only), a darker, deeper colour
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0021-HD-sky-and-light-a-physical-atmosphere-Rayleigh-Mie-.patch b/horizon-patches/0021-HD-sky-and-light-a-physical-atmosphere-Rayleigh-Mie-.patch
index ad35641..2863c28 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0021-HD-sky-and-light-a-physical-atmosphere-Rayleigh-Mie-.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0021-HD-sky-and-light-a-physical-atmosphere-Rayleigh-Mie-.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 13e74537dd6e63482e3613e0e416de1158944dfe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 18:38:19 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 21/34] HD sky and light: a physical atmosphere (Rayleigh, Mie,
+Subject: [PATCH 21/35] HD sky and light: a physical atmosphere (Rayleigh, Mie,
  ozone; constants and transmittance after Photon, MIT) for the sky, haze, fog
  and water reflections; warmer sunlight from the atmosphere's transmittance, a
  gentle sky-coloured ambient, soft PCSS-lite shadows near the player, a haze
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0022-HD-water-a-darker-blue-a-little-clearer-ripples-a-li.patch b/horizon-patches/0022-HD-water-a-darker-blue-a-little-clearer-ripples-a-li.patch
index 088cebd..8e7d0a2 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0022-HD-water-a-darker-blue-a-little-clearer-ripples-a-li.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0022-HD-water-a-darker-blue-a-little-clearer-ripples-a-li.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 6277e051a89c2537570982f6ef275887193c05cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 19:02:16 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 22/34] HD water: a darker blue, a little clearer, ripples a
+Subject: [PATCH 22/35] HD water: a darker blue, a little clearer, ripples a
  little higher
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0023-HD-Photon-style-sunsets-Rec.-2020-atmosphere-sun-tin.patch b/horizon-patches/0023-HD-Photon-style-sunsets-Rec.-2020-atmosphere-sun-tin.patch
index 34a5748..1e6f7e3 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0023-HD-Photon-style-sunsets-Rec.-2020-atmosphere-sun-tin.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0023-HD-Photon-style-sunsets-Rec.-2020-atmosphere-sun-tin.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 982265d21bb9d74ec0040db03feb5a55762286ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 21:41:48 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 23/34] HD: Photon-style sunsets (Rec. 2020 atmosphere, sun
+Subject: [PATCH 23/35] HD: Photon-style sunsets (Rec. 2020 atmosphere, sun
  tint, blue hour; MIT), volumetric clouds with ground shadows instead of
  vanilla's in HD, volumetric fog with sun shafts and morning mist
  (HORIZON_HD_CLOUDS=0, HORIZON_HD_VOLFOG=0)
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0024-Mods-world-queries-for-simulations-render.query-rays.patch b/horizon-patches/0024-Mods-world-queries-for-simulations-render.query-rays.patch
index 6908824..1208d3b 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0024-Mods-world-queries-for-simulations-render.query-rays.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0024-Mods-world-queries-for-simulations-render.query-rays.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 24971b3c67d8c87673eb2e0d204cedf8a2f46d1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 21:43:22 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 24/34] Mods: world queries for simulations (render.query-rays,
+Subject: [PATCH 24/35] Mods: world queries for simulations (render.query-rays,
  query-sections, world-changes; API level 12): block-exact rays and section
  occupancy by collision, sight or sound, answered next tick within budgets,
  and a log of changed sections
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0025-HD-fixes-rain-level-from-the-world-not-from-rain-geo.patch b/horizon-patches/0025-HD-fixes-rain-level-from-the-world-not-from-rain-geo.patch
index 3a0fde5..e8d07c9 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0025-HD-fixes-rain-level-from-the-world-not-from-rain-geo.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0025-HD-fixes-rain-level-from-the-world-not-from-rain-geo.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From fdec4960983bdff82f3793460f9a5234f0cd3f49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 22:56:15 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 25/34] HD fixes: rain level from the world not from rain
+Subject: [PATCH 25/35] HD fixes: rain level from the world not from rain
  geometry (#41), TAA history on the jittered grid (#38), vanilla cloud tint
  without a depth heuristic (#35), air fog once over water (#37), translucent
  things in front of HD water (#36), cheaper sunrise fan (#39), halos in thick
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0026-HD-split-into-modules-gfx-hd-one-Rust-file-and-one-W.patch b/horizon-patches/0026-HD-split-into-modules-gfx-hd-one-Rust-file-and-one-W.patch
index 0fcb8b5..9aa0081 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0026-HD-split-into-modules-gfx-hd-one-Rust-file-and-one-W.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0026-HD-split-into-modules-gfx-hd-one-Rust-file-and-one-W.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 21391afb26f49505d6cdaf454a6355cd4e747503 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 23:19:53 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 26/34] HD split into modules (gfx/hd/: one Rust file and one
+Subject: [PATCH 26/35] HD split into modules (gfx/hd/: one Rust file and one
  WGSL file per pass, a shared prelude), contracts for colour, depth, alpha,
  time and coordinates written down, tests that the frame layout and bindings
  match between Rust and WGSL (#45)
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0027-HD-clouds-noise-scales-that-divide-the-camera-s-6553.patch b/horizon-patches/0027-HD-clouds-noise-scales-that-divide-the-camera-s-6553.patch
index 8cc052d..6b21e06 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0027-HD-clouds-noise-scales-that-divide-the-camera-s-6553.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0027-HD-clouds-noise-scales-that-divide-the-camera-s-6553.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 8d4cadbf8534309ac847d34e229f6d764770475d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 23:22:19 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 27/34] HD clouds: noise scales that divide the camera's
+Subject: [PATCH 27/35] HD clouds: noise scales that divide the camera's
  65536-block wrap, so the clouds and their shadows no longer jump at x or z =
  0
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0028-HD-volumetric-smoke-and-missile-trails-with-clear-tu.patch b/horizon-patches/0028-HD-volumetric-smoke-and-missile-trails-with-clear-tu.patch
index be52fab..308bdc6 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0028-HD-volumetric-smoke-and-missile-trails-with-clear-tu.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0028-HD-volumetric-smoke-and-missile-trails-with-clear-tu.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 0fb59c782abf269fe555faa3241b31acf41e26d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 03:17:11 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 28/34] HD: volumetric smoke and missile trails with clear
+Subject: [PATCH 28/35] HD: volumetric smoke and missile trails with clear
  tunnels through fog and cloud (render.set-smoke, API level 14; #54); sun
  speculars by material, wet surfaces and puddles in rain, wind in foliage
  (HORIZON_HD_SPECULAR=0, HORIZON_HD_WIND=0, HORIZON_HD_SMOKE=0); HD shaders
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0029-HD-clouds-composited-by-depth-so-terrain-and-vehicle.patch b/horizon-patches/0029-HD-clouds-composited-by-depth-so-terrain-and-vehicle.patch
index 75338e9..8d38559 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0029-HD-clouds-composited-by-depth-so-terrain-and-vehicle.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0029-HD-clouds-composited-by-depth-so-terrain-and-vehicle.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From e4bc29da45d0d38244c6eb2ba3ffb9ab853540c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 03:26:09 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 29/34] HD clouds composited by depth so terrain and vehicles
+Subject: [PATCH 29/35] HD clouds composited by depth so terrain and vehicles
  inside or behind the layer are hidden and those in front stay in front (#67);
  world-anchored noise everywhere (cloud detail by height above the layer, fog,
  smoke and puddle scales dividing the wrap) (#68); the replay's time is visual
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0030-HD-smoke-young-trails-drawn-at-least-as-wide-as-a-gr.patch b/horizon-patches/0030-HD-smoke-young-trails-drawn-at-least-as-wide-as-a-gr.patch
index 3a2345e..d52fa77 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0030-HD-smoke-young-trails-drawn-at-least-as-wide-as-a-gr.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0030-HD-smoke-young-trails-drawn-at-least-as-wide-as-a-gr.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 20f699796afb12b600236a4e8859cd97430f86f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 03:44:45 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 30/34] HD smoke: young trails drawn at least as wide as a grid
+Subject: [PATCH 30/35] HD smoke: young trails drawn at least as wide as a grid
  cell (density scaled to keep the mass), gentler bulges, so a trail is a
  smooth ribbon and not a chain of puffs
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0031-Mods-render.set-main-view-API-level-15-renders-the-s.patch b/horizon-patches/0031-Mods-render.set-main-view-API-level-15-renders-the-s.patch
index 875cb4e..46228dd 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0031-Mods-render.set-main-view-API-level-15-renders-the-s.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0031-Mods-render.set-main-view-API-level-15-renders-the-s.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 35ffbaa26dd91855c8b93446646ba8c58448d3d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 03:59:41 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 31/34] Mods: render.set-main-view (API level 15) renders the
+Subject: [PATCH 31/35] Mods: render.set-main-view (API level 15) renders the
  screen's world from a mod camera with the full pipeline, so replays get HD
  and the post effects; small mod views get the post pass with their own camera
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0032-Spot-lights-for-mods-render.set-spot-lights-API-leve.patch b/horizon-patches/0032-Spot-lights-for-mods-render.set-spot-lights-API-leve.patch
index 3cb7f9e..99d8e06 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0032-Spot-lights-for-mods-render.set-spot-lights-API-leve.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0032-Spot-lights-for-mods-render.set-spot-lights-API-leve.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 27e24527550942695164dd3a769a42a659e797ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 09:28:05 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 32/34] Spot lights for mods (render.set-spot-lights, API level
+Subject: [PATCH 32/35] Spot lights for mods (render.set-spot-lights, API level
  16): surfaces lit in the cone, a volumetric beam stopped by depth (#60); film
  capture (render.capture-*, set-film-quality, API level 17): fixed-step clock,
  frames piped to ffmpeg or PNGs, offline audio, no chat in the frames (#58);
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0033-HD-clouds-and-fog-polish-cloud-panorama-cirrus-terra.patch b/horizon-patches/0033-HD-clouds-and-fog-polish-cloud-panorama-cirrus-terra.patch
index a581d47..db031d3 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0033-HD-clouds-and-fog-polish-cloud-panorama-cirrus-terra.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0033-HD-clouds-and-fog-polish-cloud-panorama-cirrus-terra.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 615f5c3fa7c19a9895f8972a88333c6f250ad78a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 14:30:39 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 33/34] HD clouds and fog polish: cloud panorama, cirrus,
+Subject: [PATCH 33/35] HD clouds and fog polish: cloud panorama, cirrus,
  terrain-aware fog, far smoke cascade; replay world log and film clock;
  material overlays by sprite name
 
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0034-HD-coloured-sun-through-glass-and-leaves-rain-ripple.patch b/horizon-patches/0034-HD-coloured-sun-through-glass-and-leaves-rain-ripple.patch
index 74c77f9..24e7aa7 100644
--- a/horizon-patches/0034-HD-coloured-sun-through-glass-and-leaves-rain-ripple.patch
+++ b/horizon-patches/0034-HD-coloured-sun-through-glass-and-leaves-rain-ripple.patch
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From 0254984fdcce53a4a0f2bff15f9be3b78c93842e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
 Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 15:01:09 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 34/34] HD: coloured sun through glass and leaves, rain ripples
+Subject: [PATCH 34/35] HD: coloured sun through glass and leaves, rain ripples
  on water, film motion blur and depth of field
 
 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
diff --git a/horizon-patches/0035-Film-export-every-frame-in-flight-reaches-the-writer.patch b/horizon-patches/0035-Film-export-every-frame-in-flight-reaches-the-writer.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7566a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/horizon-patches/0035-Film-export-every-frame-in-flight-reaches-the-writer.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+From 9645d3f1f47d8bb358d5630288bdd801bd874911 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: chexit <chexit@duck.com>
+Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 15:19:32 +0300
+Subject: [PATCH 35/35] Film export: every frame in flight reaches the writer,
+ listener follows the main view, cloud wind on film frames, set-smoke reports
+ real activity
+
+Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
+---
+ crates/horizon-client/src/film_clock.rs      |  32 +++--
+ crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs            |  25 +++-
+ crates/horizon-client/src/game/film.rs       | 140 ++++++++++++++++---
+ crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_models.rs |   6 +-
+ crates/horizon-client/src/gfx.rs             |   2 +-
+ crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/mod.rs      |   4 +-
+ crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/smoke.rs    |  24 ++++
+ 7 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/film_clock.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/film_clock.rs
+index 6396e4c1f..f001f0e78 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/film_clock.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/film_clock.rs
+@@ -6,26 +6,34 @@
+ use std::sync::Mutex;
+ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+ 
+-static FILM: Mutex<Option<Instant>> = Mutex::new(None);
++/// While a film records: where its clock began (real time) and how much film time has passed.
++static FILM: Mutex<Option<(Instant, Duration)>> = Mutex::new(None);
+ 
+-/// The film's moment (frozen for the frame), or None to run on real time again.
+-pub fn set(now: Option<Instant>) {
++/// The film's moment (frozen for the frame) as (its origin, film time since it), or None to run on
++/// real time again.
++pub fn set(now: Option<(Instant, Duration)>) {
+     if let Ok(mut f) = FILM.lock() {
+         *f = now;
+     }
+ }
+ 
++fn film() -> Option<(Instant, Duration)> {
++    FILM.lock().ok().and_then(|f| *f)
++}
++
+ /// What the animations take as now.
+ pub fn now() -> Instant {
+-    FILM.lock()
+-        .ok()
+-        .and_then(|f| *f)
+-        .unwrap_or_else(Instant::now)
++    film().map_or_else(Instant::now, |(origin, t)| origin + t)
+ }
+ 
+-/// Time since `start` on this clock.
++/// Time since `start` on this clock. In a film that is the film's own time since it began
++/// whatever `start` was (an animation that began with the program would otherwise carry the
++/// real time the program ran before the film): two exports of one recording agree frame by frame.
+ pub fn since(start: Instant) -> Duration {
+-    now().saturating_duration_since(start)
++    match film() {
++        Some((_, t)) => t,
++        None => Instant::now().saturating_duration_since(start),
++    }
+ }
+ 
+ #[cfg(test)]
+@@ -35,10 +43,14 @@ mod tests {
+     #[test]
+     fn film_time_is_the_frames_not_the_wall() {
+         let origin = Instant::now();
+-        set(Some(origin + Duration::from_millis(50)));
++        // Whatever the animation started at, a film second is a second of its animation.
++        let long_ago = origin.checked_sub(Duration::from_secs(1000)).unwrap_or(origin);
++        set(Some((origin, Duration::from_millis(50))));
+         assert_eq!(since(origin), Duration::from_millis(50));
++        assert_eq!(since(long_ago), Duration::from_millis(50));
+         std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
+         assert_eq!(since(origin), Duration::from_millis(50));
++        assert_eq!(now(), origin + Duration::from_millis(50));
+         set(None);
+         assert!(since(origin) >= Duration::from_millis(5));
+     }
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs
+index 3f776fd3f..7a87e9ffb 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs
+@@ -11584,6 +11584,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+             ),
+         };
+         let (view_yaw, view_pitch) = self.shaken_view(view_yaw, view_pitch);
++        // AirDef fork: the position stays the player's (a mod places its sounds round it); the
++        // orientation is the main view's below, in every filming mode, preview and export alike.
+         self.audio
+             .set_listener([camera.x, camera.y, camera.z], view_yaw, view_pitch);
+         // AirDef fork: a mod's camera as the screen's own view (replays): the listener stays the
+@@ -11598,11 +11600,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+                 r.cut = true;
+             }
+         }
+-        if let Some(v) = &main_view
+-            && self.film.recording()
+-        {
++        if let Some(v) = &main_view {
++            let (yaw, pitch) = film::listener_orientation(Some((v.yaw, v.pitch)), (view_yaw, view_pitch));
+             self.audio
+-                .set_listener([camera.x, camera.y, camera.z], v.yaw, v.pitch);
++                .set_listener([camera.x, camera.y, camera.z], yaw, pitch);
+         }
+         let (camera, underwater, view_yaw, view_pitch) = match &main_view {
+             Some(v) => (v.camera, false, v.yaw, v.pitch),
+@@ -11701,6 +11702,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+         let debug_lines = horizon_client::gizmos::camera_relative(&lines, at, view);
+         let debug_lines_on_top = horizon_client::gizmos::camera_relative(&on_top, at, view);
+         let debug_crosshair = horizon_client::gizmos::camera_relative(&crosshair.on_top, at, view);
++        // AirDef fork: while a film records, the clouds' wind runs on the film's own frames, not the
++        // world's ticks (so two exports of one recording show the same sky at frame N).
++        let cloud_clock = self.film_cloud_clock();
+         // LevelExtractor.extractBlockOutline: model translucency controls draw order.
+         let mut outline_after_terrain = false;
+         // GameRenderer.shouldRenderBlockOutline: not with the HUD hidden (F1), and only for a
+@@ -11880,7 +11884,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+             .collect();
+         let hd_lights = self.mod_lights(camera, alpha);
+         let hd_spots = self.mod_spots(camera, alpha);
+-        let (hd_smoke, hd_smoke_clock) = self.mod_smoke(camera, alpha);
++        // The smoke volume is ray-marched inside the fog pass: it is drawn only where that runs (fog
++        // on, an Overworld sky, not under water). The mods are told exactly that, so a mod keeps its
++        // own smoke where HD would draw none.
++        let smoke_drawn = horizon_client::gfx::hd_smoke_possible()
++            && self.dim == Dim::Overworld
++            && self.settings.horizon.sky
++            && !underwater;
++        let (hd_smoke, hd_smoke_clock) = self.mod_smoke(camera, alpha, smoke_drawn);
+         // AirDef fork: HD's fog reads the ground's height round the camera.
+         let hd_ground = |x: i32, z: i32| {
+             self.world
+@@ -11969,8 +11980,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+                 texture: &self.pack.clouds,
+                 uv: [(white.u0 + white.u1) / 2.0, (white.v0 + white.v1) / 2.0],
+                 camera,
+-                time: self.world.game_time,
+-                partial_tick: alpha,
++                time: cloud_clock.map_or(self.world.game_time, |c| c.0),
++                partial_tick: cloud_clock.map_or(alpha, |c| c.1),
+                 range: self.settings.cloud_range,
+                 fast: self.settings.clouds == "fast",
+                 color: sky.cloud_color,
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/film.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/film.rs
+index 2ae449fc5..1535eb281 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/film.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/film.rs
+@@ -446,6 +446,40 @@ fn write_wav(raw: &Path, wav: &Path) -> Result<bool, String> {
+     Ok(true)
+ }
+ 
++/// The frames left in flight at the end, in order, each to the writer exactly once. A readback
++/// or send error is returned (the film is then not passed off as complete).
++fn send_rest(
++    rest: Result<Vec<CapturedFrame>, String>,
++    sink: Option<&mpsc::SyncSender<Msg>>,
++    sent: &mut u32,
++) -> Result<(), String> {
++    let frames = rest.map_err(|e| format!("the last frames could not be read back: {e}"))?;
++    for f in frames {
++        let Some(tx) = sink else {
++            return Err("the writer is gone: the last frames were lost".into());
++        };
++        tx.send(Msg::Frame(f))
++            .map_err(|_| "the writer stopped: the last frames were lost".to_string())?;
++        *sent += 1;
++    }
++    Ok(())
++}
++
++/// The cloud clock of frame number `stepped` of a film at `fps`: (whole game ticks, the fraction
++/// of a tick), from the film's own frame count alone.
++pub(super) fn film_cloud_time(stepped: u64, fps: u32) -> (i64, f64) {
++    let fps = u64::from(fps.max(1));
++    let ticks = stepped * 20 / fps;
++    let rest = (stepped * 20 % fps) as f64 / fps as f64;
++    (ticks as i64, rest)
++}
++
++/// The listener's orientation: the main view's (a replay or film camera) whenever there is one,
++/// else the player's own. Only the orientation: the position is the player's either way.
++pub(super) fn listener_orientation(main: Option<(f32, f32)>, own: (f32, f32)) -> (f32, f32) {
++    main.unwrap_or(own)
++}
++
+ impl FilmState {
+     /// Whether frames are being recorded now.
+     pub(super) fn recording(&self) -> bool {
+@@ -456,6 +490,12 @@ impl FilmState {
+ }
+ 
+ impl Game<'_> {
++    /// The clouds' time for the frame being drawn while a film records, else None (the world's).
++    pub(super) fn film_cloud_clock(&self) -> Option<(i64, f64)> {
++        let film = self.film.film.as_ref().filter(|f| f.phase == Phase::Recording)?;
++        Some(film_cloud_time(film.stepped, film.req.fps))
++    }
++
+     /// Start of a frame: a mod's start or stop, the writer's end, and the time step to run the
+     /// frame by: `real` normally, exactly one frame of the film while it records.
+     pub(super) fn film_step(&mut self, real: Duration) -> Duration {
+@@ -479,9 +519,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+                 film.stepped += 1;
+                 let at = |k: u64| (k * 1_000_000_000 + fps / 2) / fps;
+                 // Animations on wall time follow the film's frames, not the machine's speed.
+-                horizon_client::film_clock::set(Some(
+-                    film.origin + Duration::from_nanos(at(n + 1)),
+-                ));
++                horizon_client::film_clock::set(Some((
++                    film.origin,
++                    Duration::from_nanos(at(n + 1)),
++                )));
+                 Duration::from_nanos(at(n + 1) - at(n))
+             }
+             _ => real,
+@@ -523,6 +564,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+                 let cancelled = film.cancel;
+                 let before = film.before;
+                 let audio = film.req.audio;
++                let note = film.note.clone();
+                 self.film.film = None;
+                 if audio {
+                     self.audio.film_end();
+@@ -533,7 +575,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+                     frames,
+                     size,
+                     file: o.file,
+-                    message: if cancelled && !o.ok {
++                    message: if !note.is_empty() && (cancelled || !o.ok) {
++                        note
++                    } else if cancelled && !o.ok {
+                         "cancelled".into()
+                     } else {
+                         o.message
+@@ -659,7 +703,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+         film.phase = Phase::Recording;
+         film.stepped = 0;
+         film.origin = std::time::Instant::now();
+-        horizon_client::film_clock::set(Some(film.origin));
++        horizon_client::film_clock::set(Some((film.origin, Duration::ZERO)));
+         if film.req.audio {
+             self.audio.film_begin();
+         }
+@@ -779,21 +823,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+                 };
+             }
+             Phase::Recording => {
++                let mut cancel = cancel;
+                 if let Some(r) = self.renderer.as_mut() {
+                     r.capture_next = false;
+-                    let rest = if cancel {
++                    if cancel {
+                         r.capture_discard();
+-                        Ok(Vec::new())
+                     } else {
+-                        r.capture_ready(0).and_then(|_| {
+-                            // Everything in flight, waited for.
+-                            r.capture_ready(0)
+-                        })
+-                    };
+-                    if let (Ok(frames), Some(tx)) = (rest, &film.sink) {
+-                        for f in frames {
+-                            film.sent += 1;
+-                            let _ = tx.send(Msg::Frame(f));
++                        // One wait for everything in flight; every frame of it goes on.
++                        let rest = r.capture_ready(0).map_err(|e| e.to_string());
++                        if let Err(e) = send_rest(rest, film.sink.as_ref(), &mut film.sent) {
++                            film.note = e;
++                            cancel = true;
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+@@ -821,3 +861,71 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+         }
+     }
+ }
++
++#[cfg(test)]
++mod tests {
++    use super::*;
++
++    fn frame(n: u8) -> CapturedFrame {
++        CapturedFrame {
++            size: [1, 1],
++            bgra: true,
++            data: vec![n, 0, 0, 255],
++        }
++    }
++
++    fn drain(rx: &mpsc::Receiver<Msg>) -> Vec<u8> {
++        rx.try_iter()
++            .filter_map(|m| match m {
++                Msg::Frame(f) => Some(f.data[0]),
++                _ => None,
++            })
++            .collect()
++    }
++
++    /// #79: whatever is still in flight at the stop (0, 1 or 2 frames, ready or not) reaches the
++    /// writer once, in order; none is thrown away.
++    #[test]
++    fn the_frames_in_flight_at_the_stop_all_reach_the_writer() {
++        for pending in 0..=3u8 {
++            let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(8);
++            let mut sent = 7;
++            let rest = (0..pending).map(|i| frame(10 + i)).collect();
++            send_rest(Ok(rest), Some(&tx), &mut sent).unwrap();
++            assert_eq!(sent, 7 + u32::from(pending));
++            assert_eq!(drain(&rx), (0..pending).map(|i| 10 + i).collect::<Vec<_>>());
++        }
++    }
++
++    /// #84: the main view's orientation is used with or without a capture.
++    #[test]
++    fn the_listener_follows_the_main_view_in_every_filming_mode() {
++        assert_eq!(listener_orientation(Some((90.0, 5.0)), (0.0, 0.0)), (90.0, 5.0));
++        assert_eq!(listener_orientation(None, (12.0, -3.0)), (12.0, -3.0));
++    }
++
++    /// #80: the cloud wind of frame N depends on N and the frame rate only.
++    #[test]
++    fn the_cloud_clock_is_the_films_frames() {
++        // One second of film is 20 ticks at any frame rate; the frame in between is a fraction.
++        for fps in [24u32, 30, 60] {
++            assert_eq!(film_cloud_time(u64::from(fps), fps), (20, 0.0));
++            assert_eq!(film_cloud_time(u64::from(fps) * 5, fps).0, 100);
++        }
++        let (t, p) = film_cloud_time(1, 60);
++        assert_eq!(t, 0);
++        assert!((p - 20.0 / 60.0).abs() < 1e-12);
++        // Pure: the same frame, the same sky.
++        assert_eq!(film_cloud_time(777, 30), film_cloud_time(777, 30));
++    }
++
++    #[test]
++    fn a_failed_readback_or_dead_writer_is_an_error_not_a_short_success() {
++        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(8);
++        let mut sent = 0;
++        assert!(send_rest(Err("gpu".into()), Some(&tx), &mut sent).is_err());
++        drop(rx);
++        assert!(send_rest(Ok(vec![frame(1)]), Some(&tx), &mut sent).is_err());
++        assert_eq!(sent, 0);
++    }
++}
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_models.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_models.rs
+index 78ee8448b..283acaa8a 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_models.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_models.rs
+@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+         &mut self,
+         _camera: glam::DVec3,
+         _alpha: f64,
++        _drawn: bool,
+     ) -> (Vec<horizon_client::gfx::HdSmoke>, f32) {
+         (Vec::new(), 0.0)
+     }
+@@ -310,8 +311,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
+         &mut self,
+         camera: DVec3,
+         alpha: f64,
++        drawn: bool,
+     ) -> (Vec<horizon_client::gfx::HdSmoke>, f32) {
+-        let on = self.mod_hd().is_some() && horizon_client::gfx::hd_smoke_enabled();
++        // What the mod is told is what is drawn: HD on, the smoke pass possible, and this frame's
++        // fog pass (an Overworld sky, above water) running.
++        let on = self.mod_hd().is_some() && drawn;
+         self.mods.mods.set_smoke_active(on);
+         let Some((before, now)) = self.mods.mods.smoke_clock().filter(|_| on) else {
+             return (Vec::new(), 0.0);
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx.rs
+index a2a6e78b6..06fa09705 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx.rs
+@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ mod native_post;
+ pub use hd::set_film_quality;
+ pub use hd::{
+     HdLight, HdSettings, HdSmoke, HdSpot, MAX_SPOTS as HD_MAX_SPOTS,
+-    smoke_enabled as hd_smoke_enabled, spots_enabled as hd_spots_enabled,
++    smoke_enabled as hd_smoke_enabled, smoke_possible as hd_smoke_possible, spots_enabled as hd_spots_enabled,
+ };
+ pub use mod_views::ModView;
+ mod native_sky;
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/mod.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/mod.rs
+index d8c015a28..7744784d5 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/mod.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/mod.rs
+@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub use frame::{HdLight, HdScene, HdSettings, HdSpot, MAX_SPOTS, light_of, vanil
+ pub use gbuffer::{ALBEDO, LIGHT_LEVELS, NORMAL};
+ pub use materials::{Table as MaterialTable, table as material_table, wind_enabled, wind_seconds};
+ pub use shadows::{CASCADES, SHADOW_TINT, cascades, color_shadows_enabled};
+-pub use smoke::{HdSmoke, smoke_enabled};
++pub use smoke::{HdSmoke, smoke_enabled, smoke_possible};
+ pub use taa::{film_quality, jitter, jitter_count, scale_override, set_film_quality, taa_enabled};
+ pub use volumes::clouds_enabled;
+ 
+@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ impl Hd {
+         lights: &[HdLight],
+         clock: f32,
+     ) {
+-        if scene.sky && volumes::fog_enabled() && smoke_enabled() {
++        if scene.sky && smoke::smoke_possible() {
+             self.smoke.prepare(queue, scene, smoke, lights, clock);
+         } else {
+             self.smoke.frame = Default::default();
+diff --git a/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/smoke.rs b/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/smoke.rs
+index 266f5fdef..34f3fd77c 100644
+--- a/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/smoke.rs
++++ b/crates/horizon-client/src/gfx/hd/smoke.rs
+@@ -64,6 +64,30 @@ pub fn smoke_enabled() -> bool {
+     *ON.get_or_init(|| std::env::var("HORIZON_HD_SMOKE").map_or(true, |v| v != "0"))
+ }
+ 
++/// Whether the smoke can be drawn at all: its volume is ray-marched in the fog pass, so it needs
++/// the volumetric fog as well as `HORIZON_HD_SMOKE`. This is what the mods are told.
++pub fn smoke_possible() -> bool {
++    smoke_possible_with(super::volumes::fog_enabled(), smoke_enabled())
++}
++
++fn smoke_possible_with(fog: bool, smoke: bool) -> bool {
++    fog && smoke
++}
++
++#[cfg(test)]
++mod possible_tests {
++    use super::smoke_possible_with;
++
++    /// #81: the answer to the mods is the real one: no fog pass, no smoke promised.
++    #[test]
++    fn smoke_is_promised_only_with_the_fog_pass() {
++        assert!(smoke_possible_with(true, true));
++        assert!(!smoke_possible_with(false, true));
++        assert!(!smoke_possible_with(true, false));
++        assert!(!smoke_possible_with(false, false));
++    }
++}
++
+ /// A segment of smoke as the game hands it over for a frame, relative to the camera.
+ #[repr(C)]
+ #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
+-- 
+2.54.0 (Apple Git-157)
+
diff --git a/tools/hd_bench.py b/tools/hd_bench.py
index 1b7a625..42b99dc 100644
--- a/tools/hd_bench.py
+++ b/tools/hd_bench.py
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@
 Поэтому кадры не сравниваются целиком: по кадрам одного прогона пиксель, у которого размах значений между
 кадрами больше --motion-level (16 из 255), считается движущимся (вода, облака, листва). Такие пиксели не
 участвуют в сравнении с базой (ни в одном из двух прогонов). Мерцание считается по остальным пикселям:
-размах между кадрами больше --flicker-level (6 из 255) и не больше --motion-level. Для движущейся части
+размах между кадрами больше --flicker-level (6 из 255) и не больше --motion-level. Сильное мерцание
+по кадрам одного прогона от движения не отличить, поэтому «движение» само ограничено: доля непроверенных
+пикселей (--max-animated), сумма «неустойчивых» (--max-flicker), пиксели, ставшие движущимися против
+БАЗЫ (--max-new-animated: маска берётся из базы, не из проверяемого прогона), и доля проверяемых
+пикселей (--min-static: ноль статичных — не «ноль ошибки», а провал). Для движущейся части
 выводится отдельная средняя разница, только для информации. Картинка `<сцена>_motion.png` показывает маску.
 
 Коды выхода: 0 — всё в порогах и бюджете; 1 — есть превышение; 2 — ошибка запуска или аргументов.
@@ -337,19 +341,31 @@ def motion_range(rgbs):
 
 
 def flicker_stats(rng, w, h, n_frames, motion_level, flicker_level):
+    """По размаху каждого пикселя между кадрами одного прогона. `pct` — мерцание: размах в
+    (flicker_level, motion_level]; `animated_pct` — выше motion_level (движение: вода, облака,
+    листва; ИЛИ очень сильное мерцание — по одному прогону их не различить). `unsteady_pct` — сумма
+    обоих: все пиксели с размахом выше flicker_level, она не падает, когда мерцание усиливается и
+    переходит из одной корзины в другую. `unverified_pct` — доля пикселей, которые этот прогон
+    ничем не проверяет (то же, что animated_pct); `static_pct` — доля проверяемых."""
     npx = w * h
     flick = sum(1 for r in rng if flicker_level < r <= motion_level)
     moving = sum(1 for r in rng if r > motion_level)
     return {"pct": 100.0 * flick / npx, "animated_pct": 100.0 * moving / npx,
+            "unsteady_pct": 100.0 * (flick + moving) / npx,
+            "unverified_pct": 100.0 * moving / npx, "static_pct": 100.0 * (npx - moving) / npx,
             "frames": n_frames, "size": [w, h]}
 
 
 def compare_runs(cur_rgb, cur_rng, base_rgb, base_rng, w, h, motion_level, diff_out=None, motion_out=None):
-    """Первый кадр текущего прогона против первого кадра базы. Движущиеся пиксели (в любом из двух
-    прогонов) в сравнении не участвуют: mean и pct — только по статичным; для движущихся — отдельная
-    средняя разница (информация, не порог)."""
+    """Первый кадр текущего прогона против первого кадра базы. Из сравнения исключаются только
+    пиксели, которые двигались уже в БАЗЕ (маска воспроизводимая, не зависит от того, что показал
+    проверяемый прогон): mean и pct — по остальным; для движущихся — отдельная средняя разница
+    (информация, не порог). Пиксель, ставший «движущимся» только в текущем прогоне (мерцание,
+    призраки TAA), из сравнения не исключается и считается в new_animated_pct. Доля проверяемых
+    пикселей — static_pct: при нуле mean не «0 ошибки», а отсутствие проверки (см. judge)."""
     npx = w * h
-    static = bytes(1 if (a <= motion_level and b <= motion_level) else 0 for a, b in zip(cur_rng, base_rng))
+    static = bytes(1 if b <= motion_level else 0 for b in base_rng)
+    new_anim = sum(1 for a, b in zip(cur_rng, base_rng) if a > motion_level and b <= motion_level)
     d = bytes(map(abs, map(operator.sub, cur_rgb[0], base_rgb[0])))
     dpix = _per_pixel_max(d)
     n_static = sum(static)
@@ -358,6 +374,7 @@ def compare_runs(cur_rgb, cur_rng, base_rgb, base_rng, w, h, motion_level, diff_
     over = sum(1 for p, s in zip(dpix, static) if s and p > DIFF_LEVEL)
     moving_mean = (sum(itertools.compress(d, _expand3(bytes(1 - s for s in static)))) / (3.0 * n_moving)
                    if n_moving else 0.0)
+    cur_anim = sum(1 for a in cur_rng if a > motion_level)
     if diff_out:
         img = bytearray(min(255, v * DIFF_GAIN) for v in d)
         for i, s in enumerate(static):
@@ -368,7 +385,9 @@ def compare_runs(cur_rgb, cur_rng, base_rgb, base_rng, w, h, motion_level, diff_
     if motion_out:
         write_png_rgb(motion_out, w, h, bytes(_expand3(bytes(0 if s else 255 for s in static))))
     return {"mean": mean, "pct": 100.0 * over / npx, "animated_pct": 100.0 * n_moving / npx,
-            "animated_mean": moving_mean, "size": [w, h]}
+            "animated_mean": moving_mean, "static_pct": 100.0 * n_static / npx,
+            "new_animated_pct": 100.0 * new_anim / npx, "cur_animated_pct": 100.0 * cur_anim / npx,
+            "size": [w, h]}
 
 
 # --- тайминги -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -482,11 +501,17 @@ def judge(entry, args):
     fl = entry.get("flicker")
     if fl and args.max_flicker is not None and fl["pct"] > args.max_flicker:
         reasons.append(f"мерцание статичных пикселей {fl['pct']:.2f}% > {args.max_flicker:g}%")
+    if fl and fl["animated_pct"] > args.max_animated:
+        reasons.append(f"не проверено (размах > {args.motion_level}/255) {fl['animated_pct']:.1f}% кадра > {args.max_animated:g}%")
     base = entry.get("vs_baseline")
     if base:
         if base.get("error"):
             reasons.append(base["error"])
         else:
+            if base["static_pct"] < args.min_static:
+                reasons.append(f"проверяемых пикселей {base['static_pct']:.1f}% < {args.min_static:g}%: сравнение с базой ничего не доказывает")
+            if base["new_animated_pct"] > args.max_new_animated:
+                reasons.append(f"новых движущихся пикселей против базы {base['new_animated_pct']:.2f}% > {args.max_new_animated:g}%")
             if base["mean"] > args.max_mean:
                 reasons.append(f"разница с базой (статика) {base['mean']:.2f} > {args.max_mean:g}")
             if base["pct"] > args.max_pct:
@@ -522,6 +547,8 @@ def write_report(out, entries, args, env_extra, size, baseline, meta):
         fl = f"{e['flicker']['pct']:.2f}" if e.get("flicker") else "-"
         mv = f"{e['flicker']['animated_pct']:.2f}" if e.get("flicker") else "-"
         b = e.get("vs_baseline") or {}
+        if "new_animated_pct" in b:  # what the baseline comparison covers and what grew
+            mv += f" (проверено {b['static_pct']:.0f}%, новых {b['new_animated_pct']:.2f}%)"
         bm = f"{b['mean']:.2f}" if "mean" in b else "-"
         bp = f"{b['pct']:.2f}" if "pct" in b else "-"
         status = "OK" if not e["fail"] else "FAIL: " + "; ".join(e["fail"])
@@ -584,6 +611,9 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     p.add_argument("--max-mean", type=float, default=3.0, help="порог средней разницы статичных пикселей с базой, 0..255")
     p.add_argument("--max-pct", type=float, default=5.0, help="порог статичных пикселей >20/255 с базой, %%")
     p.add_argument("--max-flicker", type=float, default=None, help="порог мерцания статичных пикселей, %%; без него мерцание только в отчёте (порог пока не откалиброван двумя одинаковыми прогонами)")
+    p.add_argument("--max-animated", type=float, default=60.0, help="порог доли кадра, которую прогон не проверяет (размах выше --motion-level), %%; не откалиброван")
+    p.add_argument("--max-new-animated", type=float, default=2.0, help="порог пикселей, статичных в базе и движущихся в прогоне, %%; не откалиброван")
+    p.add_argument("--min-static", type=float, default=10.0, help="наименьшая доля проверяемых (статичных в базе) пикселей, %%")
     p.add_argument("--no-freeze", action="store_true",
                    help="не замораживать игровое время и погоду (живой замер производительности, не снимки)")
     p.add_argument("--no-pass-timing", action="store_true", help="не включать HORIZON_SHADER_PACK_TIMING")
diff --git a/tools/test_hd_bench.py b/tools/test_hd_bench.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..304f134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/test_hd_bench.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+"""Tests of tools/hd_bench.py's comparison (#82): `python3 -m unittest tools/test_hd_bench.py`."""
+import argparse
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent))
+import hd_bench as hb  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def frame(w, h, v):
+    return bytes([v]) * (3 * w * h)
+
+
+def args(**kw):
+    a = argparse.Namespace(budget_ms=18.0, max_flicker=1.0, max_animated=60.0, max_mean=3.0,
+                           max_pct=5.0, max_new_animated=2.0, min_static=10.0, motion_level=hb.MOTION_LEVEL)
+    a.__dict__.update(kw)
+    return a
+
+
+def judged(rgbs, base_rgbs, w=2, h=2):
+    rng = hb.motion_range(rgbs)
+    brng = hb.motion_range(base_rgbs)
+    entry = {"gpu_avg_ms": 1.0}
+    entry["flicker"] = hb.flicker_stats(rng, w, h, len(rgbs), hb.MOTION_LEVEL, hb.FLICKER_LEVEL)
+    entry["vs_baseline"] = hb.compare_runs(rgbs, rng, base_rgbs, brng, w, h, hb.MOTION_LEVEL)
+    return entry, hb.judge(entry, args())
+
+
+class FlickerIsNotAnimation(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_the_issues_black_white_strobe_fails(self):
+        # The issue: a 2x2 frame, the baseline steadily black, the run alternating black and white.
+        entry, reasons = judged([frame(2, 2, 0), frame(2, 2, 255)] * 2, [frame(2, 2, 0)] * 3)
+        self.assertEqual(entry["flicker"]["pct"], 0.0)  # the old blind spot is still in these two numbers ...
+        self.assertEqual(entry["flicker"]["animated_pct"], 100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(entry["flicker"]["unsteady_pct"], 100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(entry["vs_baseline"]["new_animated_pct"], 100.0)
+        self.assertTrue(reasons, "... but the verdict is a failure")
+
+    def test_stronger_flicker_never_starts_passing(self):
+        w = h = 4
+        base = [frame(w, h, 100)] * 3
+        failed = []
+        unsteady = []
+        for amp in (8, 16, 32, 255):
+            lo, hi = 100 - min(amp // 2, 100), min(255, 100 + (amp + 1) // 2)
+            run = [frame(w, h, lo), frame(w, h, hi), frame(w, h, lo)]
+            entry, reasons = judged(run, base, w, h)
+            failed.append(bool(reasons))
+            unsteady.append(entry["flicker"]["unsteady_pct"])
+        self.assertEqual(failed, [True] * 4, failed)
+        self.assertEqual(unsteady, sorted(unsteady))
+
+    def test_a_fully_dynamic_frame_is_not_a_zero_error(self):
+        w = h = 2
+        moving = [frame(w, h, 0), frame(w, h, 255)]
+        entry, reasons = judged(moving, moving)
+        self.assertEqual(entry["vs_baseline"]["static_pct"], 0.0)
+        self.assertTrue(any("проверяемых" in r for r in reasons), reasons)
+
+    def test_water_and_foliage_that_also_move_in_the_baseline_pass(self):
+        w, h = 10, 10
+        n = w * h
+        def mixed(a, b):  # the left 20% animates (water), the rest is still
+            f = bytearray(frame(w, h, 90))
+            for px in range(n // 5):
+                f[3 * px:3 * px + 3] = bytes([a]) * 3
+            return bytes(f)
+        run = [mixed(40, 40), mixed(120, 40), mixed(60, 40)]
+        base = [mixed(30, 40), mixed(130, 40), mixed(70, 40)]
+        entry, reasons = judged(run, base, w, h)
+        self.assertEqual(entry["vs_baseline"]["new_animated_pct"], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(reasons, [])
+
+    def test_the_mask_comes_from_the_baseline_not_from_the_run(self):
+        # Growth of the animated area against the baseline is counted and bounded.
+        w = h = 10
+        base = [frame(w, h, 90)] * 3
+        f = bytearray(frame(w, h, 90))
+        f[0:30] = bytes([250]) * 30  # 10% of the pixels
+        run = [bytes(f), frame(w, h, 90), bytes(f)]
+        entry, reasons = judged(run, base, w, h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(entry["vs_baseline"]["new_animated_pct"], 10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(reasons)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()